{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T14:30:24Z","timestamp":1777473024760,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]],"date-time":"2023-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687305600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of China Projects","award":["U20A20165"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U20A20165"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of China Projects","award":["61721001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61721001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A high-gain low-profile reflector antenna with dual-band radiation ability is presented in this paper. The antenna achieves a relative 2 dB gain bandwidth of 10% around fl, and a relative 2 dB gain bandwidth of 20%, around fh, where fl and fh are the center operating frequencies of the frequency bands of 29.4~32.4 GHz and 142~174 GHz, respectively. To achieve the dual-band radiation ability, a composite dual-band feed with an fh\/fl ratio of around 5 is proposed as the feed for the reflector antenna, which includes a higher-band circular waveguide and a lower-band coaxial horn. The metallic elliptical surface serves as the subreflector (SR) in the higher band, while the SR is the planar reflectarray in the lower band. Due to the design of the dual reflector, the dual-band reflector antenna features a low focal-to-diameter (F\/D) ratio of approximately 0.2. According to the simulated results, the proposed reflector antenna achieves efficiencies of 59.0% and 42.9% at fl and fh, respectively. For verification purposes, a Ku\/E-band scaled prototype is manufactured. The measured VSWRs, radiation patterns, and gains are in reasonable agreement with the simulated ones, proving the correctness of the proposed design method.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23135781","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]],"date-time":"2023-06-21T03:18:38Z","timestamp":1687317518000},"page":"5781","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Low-Profile Dual-Band Reflector Antenna for High-Frequency Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Senlin","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 611731, China"}]},{"given":"Shi-Wei","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 611731, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2018.2874666","article-title":"A high-resolution 220-GHz ultra-wideband fully integrated ISAR imaging system","volume":"67","author":"Mostajeran","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3577","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2019.2944855","article-title":"An 80-Gb\/s 300-GHz-band single-chip CMOS transceiver","volume":"54","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1049\/el.2016.3120","article-title":"Wireless data transmission of 34 Gbit\/s at a 500-GHz range using resonanttunnelling-diode terahertz oscillator","volume":"52","author":"Oshima","year":"2016","journal-title":"Electron. Lett."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2160","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2011.2143663","article-title":"Novel terahertz antenna based on a silicon lens fed by a leaky wave enhanced waveguide","volume":"59","author":"Llombart","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3370","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2014.2310483","article-title":"W-band large-scale high-gain planar integrated antenna array","volume":"62","author":"Cheng","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2014.2382664","article-title":"A wideband high-gain high-efficiency hybrid integrated plate array antenna for V-band inter-satellite links","volume":"63","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2011.2167945","article-title":"94 GHz substrate integrated monopulse antenna array","volume":"60","author":"Cheng","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2021.3090863","article-title":"Cross-slotted waveguide array with dual circularly polarized radiation at W-Band","volume":"70","author":"Ayoub","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2135","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2016.2631953","article-title":"A Wideband Dual Circularly Polarized Full-Corporate Waveguide Array Antenna Fed by Triple-Resonant Cavities","volume":"65","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3211","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-022-09860-2","article-title":"Lantern Logo Shaped Novel Monopole Antenna with Semi-Circular Notch Loaded Partial Ground Plane for Ultra-Wideband Wireless Applications","volume":"126","author":"Bhatia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Wirel. Pers. Commun."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.7716\/aem.v12i1.1982","article-title":"Design of Wideband Fractal MIMO Antenna using Minkowski and Koch Hybrid Curves on Half Octagonal Radiating Patch with High Isolation and Gain for 5G Applications","volume":"12","author":"Sidhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Electromagn."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"129","article-title":"Design of Minkowski Curve-Based Slotted Microstrip Patch Antenna Using Artificial Neural Network","volume":"104","author":"Pragya","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Inst. Eng."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sidhu, A.K., and Sivia, J.S. (2022). Design of a novel 5G MIMO antenna with its DGP optimisation using PSOGSA. Int. J. Electron., 1\u201322.","DOI":"10.1080\/00207217.2022.2148288"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1109\/MAP.2006.1650857","article-title":"An open-boundary quad-ridged guide horn antenna for use as a source in antenna pattern measurement anechoic chamfer","volume":"48","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1945","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2011.2122238","article-title":"Towards an ultra-wideband low noise active sinuous feed for next generation radio telescopes","volume":"59","author":"Gawande","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1918","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2011.2122229","article-title":"Cryogenic 2\u201313 GHz eleven feed for reflector antennas in future wideband radio telescopes","volume":"59","author":"Yang","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2245","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2021.3104614","article-title":"Lightweight, solderlsee, ultra-wideband transmitarray antenna with true time delay line","volume":"20","author":"Xiao","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chung, M. (2018, January 23\u201327). Design of a dual-band feed system for S\/X-band VLBI observations. Proceedings of the European Microwave Conference, Madrid, Spain.","DOI":"10.23919\/EuMC.2018.8541787"},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Bray, M. (July, January 26). Dual X\/Ka-band corrugated feed horn for deep space telecommunications. Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation, Fajardo, PR, USA."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1109\/MAP.2018.2859168","article-title":"A dual-band reflector feed in coaxial configuration for satellite communication","volume":"60","author":"Galuscak","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1109\/MAP.2005.1532537","article-title":"The designing, manufacturing, and testing of a dual-band feed system for the Parkes radio telescopes","volume":"47","author":"Granet","year":"2005","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, C., Wu, J., Ma, B.-Y., and Guo, Y.-X. (2020, January 8\u201311). A 3D-printed K\/Ka-band dual circularly polarized feed for offset-fed reflector antennas. Proceedings of the IEEE Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference, Hong Kong, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/APMC47863.2020.9331362"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3165","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2020.3037824","article-title":"An S-\/Ka-band shared aperture tracking reflector antenna with polarization diversity","volume":"69","author":"Chakrabarti","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Barkeshli, S., Smith, T., Luh, H., Ersoy, L., and Itanami, T. (1995, January 18\u201323). On the analysis and design of the frequency selective surface for the N-Star satellite Ku\/S-shaped reflector. Proceedings of the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, Newport Beach, CA, USA."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1109\/8.362790","article-title":"Multiband frequency selective surface with multiring patch elements","volume":"42","author":"Wu","year":"1994","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Cahill, J., Van Wagoner, R., and Simons, M. (1998, January 28\u201328). Modification of cassegrain earth station antenna for dual band operation. Proceedings of the IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings, Snowmass, CO, USA."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1109\/8.182463","article-title":"Analysis of reflector antenna system including frequency selective surfaces","volume":"40","author":"Zimmerman","year":"1992","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2019.2923288","article-title":"K\/Ka dual-band reflectarray subreflector for ring-focus reflector antenna","volume":"18","author":"Qu","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7813","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2020.3000858","article-title":"A compact reflector antenna ded by a composite S\/Ka-band feed for 5G wireless communications","volume":"68","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2016.2633284","article-title":"Design of a high-isolation 35\/94-GHz dual-frequency orthogonal-polarization cassegrain antenna","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6261","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2021.3070224","article-title":"Additively Manufactured Millimeter-Wave Dual-Band Single-Polarization Shared Aperture Fresnel Zone Plate Metalens Antenna","volume":"69","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2016.2633289","article-title":"Ka\/W Dual-Band Reflectarray Antenna for Dual Linear Polarization","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7035","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2021.3076528","article-title":"3-D Printed All-Dielectric Dual-Band Broadband Reflectarray with a Large Frequency Ratio","volume":"69","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/23\/13\/5781\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:57:42Z","timestamp":1760126262000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/23\/13\/5781"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["s23135781"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s23135781","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]]}}}