{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T14:20:54Z","timestamp":1784816454462,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]],"date-time":"2023-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687737600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Defence within the Organization Development Project VAROPS"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents a versatile first-order analog filter using differential difference transconductance amplifiers (DDTAs). The DDTA employs the bulk-driven (BD) multiple-input MOS transistors technique (MI-MOST) operating in the subthreshold region. This results in low-voltage and low-power operational capability. Therefore, the DDTA, designed using 130 nm CMOS technology from UMC in the Cadence environment, operates with 0.3 V and consumes 357.4 nW. Unlike previous works, the proposed versatile first-order analog filter provides first-order transfer functions of low-pass, high-pass, and all-pass filters within a single topology. The non-inverting, inverting, and voltage gain of the transfer functions are available for all filters. Furthermore, the proposed structure provides high-input and low-output impedance, which is required for voltage-mode circuits. The pole frequency and voltage gain of the filters can be electronically controlled. The total harmonic distortion of the low-pass filter was calculated as \u221239.97 dB with an applied sine wave input signal of 50 mVpp@ 50 Hz. The proposed filter has been used to realize a quadrature oscillator to confirm the advantages of the new structure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23135945","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]],"date-time":"2023-06-27T02:11:22Z","timestamp":1687831882000},"page":"5945","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["0.3-V Voltage-Mode Versatile First-Order Analog Filter Using Multiple-Input DDTAs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1960-9081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Montree","family":"Kumngern","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Telecommunications Engineering, School of Engineering, King Mongkut\u2019s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9864-9830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabian","family":"Khateb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microelectronics, Brno University of Technology, Technick\u00e1 10, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, n\u00e1m. S\u00edtn\u00e1 3105, 272 01 Kladno, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Brno University of Defence, Kounicova 65, 662 10 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6315-9292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"Kulej","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Czestochowa University of Technology, 42-201 Czestochowa, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pavel","family":"Steffan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microelectronics, Brno University of Technology, Technick\u00e1 10, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1109\/PROC.1968.6591","article-title":"The current conveyor\u2014A new circuit building block","volume":"56","author":"Smith","year":"1968","journal-title":"Proc. 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