{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T12:35:06Z","timestamp":1764333306801,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]],"date-time":"2023-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687824000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020YFC2200604","181722KYSB20190040","2020YFC2200600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFC2200604","181722KYSB20190040","2020YFC2200600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"External Cooperation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["2020YFC2200604","181722KYSB20190040","2020YFC2200600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFC2200604","181722KYSB20190040","2020YFC2200600"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020YFC2200604","181722KYSB20190040","2020YFC2200600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFC2200604","181722KYSB20190040","2020YFC2200600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Inertial sensors can serve as inertial references for space missions and require charge management systems to maintain their on-orbit performance. To achieve non-contact charge management through UV discharge, effective control strategies are necessary to improve the optical power output performances of UV light sources while accurately modeling their operating characteristics. This paper proposes a low-power photo-electro-thermal model for widely used AlGaN-based UV LEDs, which comprehensively considers the interaction of optical, electrical, and thermal characteristics of UV LEDs during low-power operations. Based on this model, an optical power control system utilizing a fuzzy adaptive PID controller is constructed, in which a switch is introduced to coordinate the working state of the controller. Thus, the steady-state performance is effectively improved while ensuring dynamic performance. The results show that the proposed model has an average prediction error of 5.8 nW during steady-state operations, and the fuzzy adaptive PID controller with a switch can reduce the fluctuation of light output to 0.67 nW during a single discharge task, meeting the charge management requirements of high-precision inertial sensors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23135946","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]],"date-time":"2023-06-27T02:11:22Z","timestamp":1687831882000},"page":"5946","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Photo-Electro-Thermal Model and Fuzzy Adaptive PID Control for UV LEDs in Charge Management"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1935-3047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuhua","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5933-1814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"},{"name":"School of Electronic Information Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"},{"name":"School of Fundamental Physics and Mathematical Sciences, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"138","article-title":"The Taiji program: A concise overview","volume":"5","author":"Luo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog. 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