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Mid-infrared spectroscopy (MIR, 2500\u201325000 nm) has shown great potential in predicting soil properties. This study aimed to explore the ability of MIR to predict soil organic matter (OM) and total nitrogen (TN) at five different depths with the calibration from the whole depth (0\u2013100 cm) or the shallow layers (0\u201340 cm) and compare its performance with visible and near-infrared spectroscopy (vis-NIR, 350\u20132500 nm). A total of 90 soil samples containing 450 subsamples (0\u201310 cm, 10\u201320 cm, 20\u201340 cm, 40\u201370 cm, and 70\u2013100 cm depths) and their corresponding MIR and vis-NIR spectra were collected from a field of black soil in Northeast China. Multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) were used to build prediction models. The results showed that prediction models based on MIR (OM: RMSEp = 1.07\u20133.82 g\/kg, RPD = 1.10\u20135.80; TN: RMSEp = 0.11\u20130.15 g\/kg, RPD = 1.70\u20134.39) outperformed those based on vis-NIR (OM: RMSEp = 1.75\u20138.95 g\/kg, RPD = 0.50\u20133.61; TN: RMSEp = 0.12\u20130.27 g\/kg; RPD = 1.00\u20133.11) because of the higher number of characteristic bands. Prediction models based on the whole depth calibration (OM: RMSEp = 1.09\u20132.97 g\/kg, RPD = 2.13\u20135.80; TN: RMSEp = 0.08\u20130.19 g\/kg, RPD = 1.86\u20134.39) outperformed those based on the shallow layers (OM: RMSEp = 1.07\u20138.95 g\/kg, RPD = 0.50\u20133.93; TN: RMSEp = 0.11\u20130.27 g\/kg, RPD = 1.00\u20132.24) because the soil sample data of the whole depth had a larger and more representative sample size and a wider distribution. However, prediction models based on the whole depth calibration might provide lower accuracy in some shallow layers. Accordingly, it is suggested that the methods pertaining to soil property prediction based on the spectral library should be considered in future studies for an optimal approach to predicting soil properties at specific depths. This study verified the superiority of MIR for soil property prediction at specific depths and confirmed the advantage of modeling with the whole depth calibration, pointing out a possible optimal approach and providing a reference for predicting soil properties at specific depths.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23135967","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]],"date-time":"2023-06-28T00:45:11Z","timestamp":1687913111000},"page":"5967","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Comparison of Depth-Specific Prediction of Soil Properties: MIR vs. Vis-NIR Spectroscopy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Zhan","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1821-9746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianxin","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baoguo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agricultural Land Quality, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fujun","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianyu","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3914-5402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhou","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Remote Sensing and Information Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1245-0482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Songchao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311200, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9353-0307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bifeng","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Land Resource Management, School of Public Finance and Public Administration, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang 330013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4996-3177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenjun","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agricultural Land Quality, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catena.2011.06.012","article-title":"Effects of soil erosion on long-term soil productivity in the black soil region of northeastern China","volume":"87","author":"Duan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Catena"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yan, Y., Ji, W., Li, B., Wang, G., Hu, B., Zhang, C., and Mouazen, A.M. 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