{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T15:43:18Z","timestamp":1772206998885,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]],"date-time":"2023-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Australian Government","award":["DP210101411"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DP210101411"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper investigates threshold-constrained joint waveform optimization for an integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system. Unlike existing studies, we employ mutual information (MI) and sum rate (SR) as sensing and communication metrics, respectively, and optimize the waveform under constraints to both metrics simultaneously. This provides significant flexibility in meeting system performance. We formulate three different optimization problems that constrain the radar performance only, the communication performance only, and the ISAC performance, respectively. New techniques are developed to solve the original problems, which are NP-hard and cannot be directly solved by conventional semi-definite programming (SDP) techniques. Novel gradient descent methods are developed to solve the first two problems. For the third non-convex optimization problem, we transform it into a convex problem and solve it via convex toolboxes. We also disclose the connections between three optimizations using numerical results. Finally, simulation results are provided and validate the proposed optimization solutions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23135988","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]],"date-time":"2023-06-29T01:43:13Z","timestamp":1688002993000},"page":"5988","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Doubly Constrained Waveform Optimization for Integrated Sensing and Communications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7932-5996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhitong","family":"Ni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6102-3762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew Jian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7001-6305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ren-Ping","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1059-0705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdelhadi, A., and Clancy, T.C. (2016, January 15\u201318). Network MIMO with partial cooperation between radar and cellular systems. Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC), Kauai, HI, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCNC.2016.7440576"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1926","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2019.2939611","article-title":"Framework for a perceptive mobile network using joint communication and radar sensing","volume":"56","author":"Rahman","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2021.3122519","article-title":"Enabling joint communication and radar sensing in mobile networks\u2014A survey","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. 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Lett."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/23\/13\/5988\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:02:33Z","timestamp":1760126553000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/23\/13\/5988"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["s23135988"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s23135988","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]]}}}