{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T16:12:31Z","timestamp":1780589551951,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]],"date-time":"2023-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688083200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021R1A6A1A03039211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021R1A6A1A03039211"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202016B01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202016B01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Korea Medical Device Development Fund","award":["2021R1A6A1A03039211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021R1A6A1A03039211"]}]},{"name":"Korea Medical Device Development Fund","award":["202016B01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202016B01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Temperature sensors, such as Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) and thermocouple (TC), have been widely used for monitoring the interstitial tissue temperature during laser irradiation. The aim of the current study was to compare the performance of both FBG and TC in real-time temperature monitoring during endoscopic and circumferential laser treatment on tubular tissue structure. A 600-\u00b5m core-diameter diffusing applicator was employed to deliver 980-nm laser light (30 W for 90 s) circumferentially for quantitative evaluation. The tip of the TC was covered with a white tube (W-TC) in order to prevent direct light absorption and to minimize temperature overestimation. The temperature measurements in air demonstrated that the measurement difference in the temperature elevations was around 3.5 \u00b0C between FBG and W-TC. Ex vivo porcine liver tests confirmed that the measurement difference became lower (less than 1 \u00b0C). Ex vivo porcine esophageal tissue using a balloon-integrated catheter exhibited that both FBG and W-TC consistently showed a comparable trend of temperature measurements during laser irradiation (~2 \u00b0C). The current study demonstrated that the white tube-covered TC could be a feasible sensor to monitor interstitial tissue temperature with minimal overestimation during endoscopic laser irradiation. Further in vivo studies on gastroesophageal reflux disease will investigate the performance of the W-TC to monitor the temperature of the esophageal mucosa surface in real-time mode to warrant the safety of endoscopic laser treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23136069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]],"date-time":"2023-07-03T00:53:16Z","timestamp":1688345596000},"page":"6069","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Comparative Evaluations on Real-Time Monitoring of Temperature Sensors during Endoscopic Laser Application"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Minh Duc","family":"Ta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Van Gia","family":"Truong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TeCure, Inc., Busan 48548, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seonghee","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byeong-Il","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Division of Smart Healthcare and Digital Healthcare Research Center, College of Information Technology and Convergence, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0861-1354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyun Wook","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Division of Smart Healthcare and Digital Healthcare Research Center, College of Information Technology and Convergence, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12071","article-title":"Evaluation of esophageal motor function in clinical practice","volume":"25","author":"Gyawali","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol. 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