{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:18:07Z","timestamp":1760149087061,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation, China","award":["ZR2021MD115"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2021MD115"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper proposes using direct adaptation (DA)-based turbo equalization in multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) filtered multitone (FMT) time reversal (TR) acoustic communications to jointly suppress noise, residual co-channel interference (CCI) and intersymbol interference (ISI) after the TR process. Soft information-based adaptive decision feedback equalization (ADFE) adjusted according to the recursive expected least squares (RELS) algorithm, including interference cancellation and decoding, is used to construct the DA-based turbo equalization. In the proposed method, soft information is exchanged between soft symbols with soft decisions of decoding iteratively, and interference suppression is proceeded successively and iteratively until the performance is stable. The principle of the proposed method is analyzed, and based on the acoustic channel responses measured in a real experiment, the performance is assessed in relation to that of anther two methods. Compared with the MIMO-FMT TR underwater acoustic communication using interference suppression without error control coding (ECC), the proposed method performs better, benefitting from the ECC included in turbo equalization. Additionally, compared with the MIMO-FMT TR underwater acoustic communication using interference suppression based on hard decision equalization and decoding, the proposed method exhibits superior performance by exploiting soft information.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23136081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]],"date-time":"2023-07-03T00:53:16Z","timestamp":1688345596000},"page":"6081","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output Filtered Multitone Time Reversal Acoustic Communications Using Direct Adaptation-Based Turbo Equalization"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Lin","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haisen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Underwater Acoustic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, B., Huang, J., Zhou, S.L., Ball, K., Stojanovic, M., Freitag, L., and Willett, P. 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