{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T15:05:55Z","timestamp":1767625555476,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]],"date-time":"2023-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688342400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82104357","21775166","BK20180026","2632023TD02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82104357","21775166","BK20180026","2632023TD02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Jiangsu Province","award":["82104357","21775166","BK20180026","2632023TD02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82104357","21775166","BK20180026","2632023TD02"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["82104357","21775166","BK20180026","2632023TD02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82104357","21775166","BK20180026","2632023TD02"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The differences in urinary proteins could provide a novel opportunity to distinguish the different types of drug-induced kidney injury (DIKI). In this research, Au nanoparticles\u2013polyethyleneimine (AuNPs\u2013PEI) and the three fluorophore-labeled proteins (FLPs) have been constructed as a multichannel fluorescent array sensor via electrostatic interaction, which was used to detect the subtle changes in urine collected from the pathological state of DIKI. Once the urine from different types of DIKI was introduced, the binding equilibrium between AuNPs\u2013PEI and FLPs would be broken due to the competitive binding of urinary protein, and the corresponding fluorescence response pattern would be generated. Depending on the different fluorescence response patterns, the different types of DIKI were successfully identified by principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Accordingly, the strategy was expected to be a powerful technique for evaluating the potential unclear mechanisms of nephrotoxic drugs, which would provide a promising method for screening potential renal-protective drugs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23136114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,4]],"date-time":"2023-07-04T01:42:47Z","timestamp":1688434967000},"page":"6114","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Multichannel Fluorescent Array Sensor for Discrimination of Different Types of Drug-Induced Kidney Injury"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Kunhui","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China"},{"name":"NMPA Key Laboratory for Bioequivalence Research of Generic Drug Evaluation, Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen 518057, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NMPA Key Laboratory for Bioequivalence Research of Generic Drug Evaluation, Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen 518057, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiaoli","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meifang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NMPA Key Laboratory for Bioequivalence Research of Generic Drug Evaluation, Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen 518057, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NMPA Key Laboratory for Bioequivalence Research of Generic Drug Evaluation, Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen 518057, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2918-7369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiean","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NMPA Key Laboratory for Bioequivalence Research of Generic Drug Evaluation, Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen 518057, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1018-4694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiangwei","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.4062\/biomolther.2012.20.3.268","article-title":"Drug-induced nephrotoxicity and its biomarkers","volume":"20","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biomol. 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