{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T15:37:26Z","timestamp":1771515446398,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]],"date-time":"2023-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688342400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Institute of Information &amp; Communications Technology Planning &amp; Evaluation (IITP) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT)","award":["2018-0-01663"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018-0-01663"]}]},{"name":"Research Grant of Kwangwoon University","award":["2018-0-01663"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018-0-01663"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A 28 GHz fully differential eight-channel beamforming IC (BFIC) with multimode operations is implemented in 65 nm CMOS technology for use in phased array transceivers. The BFIC has an adjustable gain and phase control on each channel to achieve fine beam steering and beam pattern. The BFIC has eight differential beamforming channels each consisting of the two-stage bi-directional amplifier with a precise gain control circuit, a six-bit phase shifter, a three-bit digital step attenuator, and a tuning bit for amplitude and phase variation compensation. The Tx and Rx mode overall gains of the differential eight-channel BFIC are around 11 dB and 9 dB, respectively, at 27.0\u201329.5 GHz. The return losses of the Tx mode and Rx mode are &gt;10 dB at 27.0\u201329.5 GHz. The maximum phase of 354\u00b0 with a phase resolution of 5.6\u00b0 and the maximum attenuation of 31 dB, including the gain control bits with an attenuation resolution of 1 dB, is achieved at 27.0\u201329.5 GHz. The root mean square (RMS) phase and amplitude errors are &lt;3.2\u00b0 and &lt;0.6 dB at 27.0\u201329.5 GHz, respectively. The chip size is 3.0 \u00d7 3.5 mm2, including pads, and Tx mode current consumption is 580 mA at 2.5 V supply voltage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23136124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,4]],"date-time":"2023-07-04T01:42:47Z","timestamp":1688434967000},"page":"6124","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Multimode 28 GHz CMOS Fully Differential Beamforming IC for Phased Array Transceivers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9893-2150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayush","family":"Bhatta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7428-884X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeongsoo","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0675-1115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donghyun","family":"Baek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeong-Geun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Ahmed, N., Kibaroglu, K., Sayginer, M., and Rebeiz, G.M. 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