{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T21:51:54Z","timestamp":1777672314288,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,6]],"date-time":"2023-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688601600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Polymer-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors can be used to realize simple, small-size, disposable, and low-cost biosensors for application in several fields, e.g., healthcare. The performance of SPR sensors based on optical waveguides can be changed by tuning several parameters, such as the dimensions and the shape of the waveguides, the refractive index of the core, and the metal nanofilms used to excite the SPR phenomenon. In this work, in order to develop, experimentally test, and compare several polymer-based plasmonic sensors, realized by using waveguides with different core refractive indices, optical adhesives and 3D printed blocks with a trench inside have been used. In particular, the sensors are realized by filling the blocks\u2019 trenches (with two plastic optical fibers located at the end of these) with different UV-cured optical adhesives and then covering them with the same bilayer to excite the SPR phenomenon. The developed SPR sensors have been characterized by numerical and experimental results. Finally, in order to propose photonic solutions for healthcare, a comparative analysis has been reported to choose the best sensor configuration useful for developing low-cost biosensors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23136182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,6]],"date-time":"2023-07-06T00:54:41Z","timestamp":1688604881000},"page":"6182","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Analysis of Plasmonic Sensors Performance Realized by Exploiting Different UV-Cured Optical Adhesives Combined with Plastic Optical Fibers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7863-743X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Arcadio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Marzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Del Prete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8356-7480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Zeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7769-0984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nunzio","family":"Cennamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schasfoort, R.B.M. (2017). Handbook of Surface Plasmon Resonance, The Royal Society of Chemistry.","DOI":"10.1039\/9781788010283"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60761-670-2_1","article-title":"Surface Plasmon Resonance: A General Introduction","volume":"Volume 627","author":"Fischer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Surface Plasmon Resonance. Methods in Molecular Biology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2303","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-014-7647-5","article-title":"Surface Plasmon Resonance Applications in Clinical Analysis","volume":"406","author":"Mariani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1021\/cr068107d","article-title":"Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensors for Detection of Chemical and Biological Species","volume":"108","author":"Homola","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.6b00763","article-title":"Surface Plasmon Resonance Clinical Biosensors for Medical Diagnostics","volume":"2","author":"Masson","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10481","DOI":"10.3390\/s150510481","article-title":"Surface Plasmon Resonance: A Versatile Technique for Biosensor Applications","volume":"15","author":"Nguyen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2012.266","article-title":"Plasmonics for Future Biosensors","volume":"6","author":"Brolo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Photon."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1039\/D1NR05400G","article-title":"Research Advances on Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensors","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2135","DOI":"10.1515\/zna-1968-1247","article-title":"Notizen: Radiative Decay of Non Radiative Surface Plasmons Excited by Light","volume":"23","author":"Kretschmann","year":"1968","journal-title":"Z. Naturforsch. A"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3081","DOI":"10.1007\/s12633-021-01081-9","article-title":"Surface Plasmon Resonance-Based SiO2 Kretschmann Configuration Biosensor for the Detection of Blood Glucose","volume":"14","author":"Omidniaee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Silicon"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8654","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.0c01631","article-title":"Plasmonic Biosensing with Aluminum Thin Films under the Kretschmann Configuration","volume":"92","author":"Lambert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2019.111505","article-title":"Current Status of Optical Fiber Biosensor Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance","volume":"142","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979761","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/979761","article-title":"Surface Plasmon Resonance-Based Fiber Optic Sensors: Principle, Probe Designs, and Some Applications","volume":"2009","author":"Gupta","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Sens."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klantsataya, E., Jia, P., Ebendorff-Heidepriem, H., Monro, T., and Fran\u00e7ois, A. (2016). Plasmonic Fiber Optic Refractometric Sensors: From Conventional Architectures to Recent Design Trends. Sensors, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/s17010012"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3883","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-014-8411-6","article-title":"Review of Plasmonic Fiber Optic Biochemical Sensors: Improving the Limit of Detection","volume":"407","author":"Caucheteur","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arcas, A.D.S., Dutra, F.D.S., Allil, R.C.S.B., and Werneck, M.M. (2018). Surface Plasmon Resonance and Bending Loss-Based U-Shaped Plastic Optical Fiber Biosensors. Sensors, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/s18020648"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arcadio, F., Seggio, M., Zeni, L., Bossi, A.M., and Cennamo, N. (2023). Estradiol Detection for Aquaculture Exploiting Plasmonic Spoon-Shaped Biosensors. Biosensors, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/bios13040432"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2013.11.030","article-title":"Plastic Optical Fiber-Based Biosensor Platform for Rapid Cell Detection","volume":"54","author":"Wandermur","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arcadio, F., Zeni, L., Perri, C., D\u2019Agostino, G., Chiaretti, G., Porto, G., Minardo, A., and Cennamo, N. (2021). Bovine Serum Albumin Protein Detection by a Removable SPR Chip Combined with a Specific MIP Receptor. Chemosensors, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/chemosensors9080218"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cennamo, N., D\u2019Agostino, G., Perri, C., Arcadio, F., Chiaretti, G., Parisio, E.M., Camarlinghi, G., Vettori, C., Di Marzo, F., and Cennamo, R. (2021). Proof of Concept for a Quick and Highly Sensitive On-Site Detection of SARS-CoV-2 by Plasmonic Optical Fibers and Molecularly Imprinted Polymers. Sensors, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/s21051681"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, Y., Wu, X., Guo, X., Kong, B., Zhang, M., Qian, X., Mi, S., and Sun, W. (2017). The Boom in 3D-Printed Sensor Technology. Sensors, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/s17051166"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2475","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.8b01085","article-title":"Advances in Optical Sensing and Bioanalysis Enabled by 3D Printing","volume":"3","author":"Lambert","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12626","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.7b03967","article-title":"Plasmonic Sensing with 3D Printed Optics","volume":"89","author":"Hinman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1700367","DOI":"10.1002\/adom.201700367","article-title":"3D Printed Functionally Graded Plasmonic Constructs","volume":"5","author":"Haring","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Opt. Mater."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cennamo, N., Saitta, L., Tosto, C., Arcadio, F., Zeni, L., Fragal\u00e1, M.E., and Cicala, G. (2021). Microstructured Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor Based on Inkjet 3D Printing Using Photocurable Resins with Tailored Refractive Index. Polymers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13152518"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11752","DOI":"10.3390\/s111211752","article-title":"Low Cost Sensors Based on SPR in a Plastic Optical Fiber for Biosensor Implementation","volume":"11","author":"Cennamo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s11468-008-9055-1","article-title":"Sensitivity of Optical Fiber Sensor Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance: Modeling and Experiments","volume":"3","author":"Kanso","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plasmonics"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8167","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.53.008167","article-title":"Effect of Constructional Parameters on the Performance of a Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor Based on a Multimode Polymer Optical Fiber","volume":"53","author":"Gasior","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.380665","article-title":"Fiber SPR Refractive Index Sensor with the Variable Core Refractive Index","volume":"59","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2016.04.064","article-title":"Refractive Index Sensor Based on SPR in Symmetrically Etched Plastic Optical Fibers","volume":"246","author":"Noor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sens. Actuat. A Phys."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2021.168461","article-title":"Investigation of U-Shape Tapered Plastic Optical Fibers Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor for RI Sensing","volume":"251","author":"Teng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Optik"},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"9508308","article-title":"Parallel Polished Plastic Optical Fiber-Based SPR Sensor for Simultaneous Measurement of RI and Temperature","volume":"70","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.478685","article-title":"Simultaneous Measurement of Refractive Index and Temperature Based on a Side-Polish and V-Groove Plastic Optical Fiber SPR Sensor","volume":"48","author":"Chuanxin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5665","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2019.2908418","article-title":"Refractive Index Sensing Based on a Side-Polished Macrobend Plastic Optical Fiber Combining Surface Plasmon Resonance and Macrobending Loss","volume":"19","author":"Jing","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11648","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2023.3268002","article-title":"A Novel Microchannel-in-a-Fiber Plasmonic Sensor","volume":"23","author":"Arcadio","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/23\/13\/6182\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:06:59Z","timestamp":1760126819000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/23\/13\/6182"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,6]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["s23136182"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s23136182","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,6]]}}}