{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T09:27:44Z","timestamp":1780565264051,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,11]],"date-time":"2023-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689033600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Knowledge Innovation Program of Wuhan-Shuguang Project","award":["2022020801020209"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022020801020209"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China and University of Geosciences, Wuhan","award":["2022020801020209"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022020801020209"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The construction industry is accident-prone, and unsafe behaviors of construction workers have been identified as a leading cause of accidents. One important countermeasure to prevent accidents is monitoring and managing those unsafe behaviors. The most popular way of detecting and identifying workers\u2019 unsafe behaviors is the computer vision-based intelligent monitoring system. However, most of the existing research or products focused only on the workers\u2019 behaviors (i.e., motions) recognition, limited studies considered the interaction between man-machine, man-material or man-environments. Those interactions are very important for judging whether the workers\u2019 behaviors are safe or not, from the standpoint of safety management. This study aims to develop a new method of identifying construction workers\u2019 unsafe behaviors, i.e., unsafe interaction between man-machine\/material, based on ST-GCN (Spatial Temporal Graph Convolutional Networks) and YOLO (You Only Look Once), which could provide more direct and valuable information for safety management. In this study, two trained YOLO-based models were, respectively, used to detect safety signs in the workplace, and objects that interacted with workers. Then, an ST-GCN model was trained to detect and identify workers\u2019 behaviors. Lastly, a decision algorithm was developed considering interactions between man-machine\/material, based on YOLO and ST-GCN results. Results show good performance of the developed method, compared to only using ST-GCN, the accuracy was significantly improved from 51.79% to 85.71%, 61.61% to 99.11%, and 58.04% to 100.00%, respectively, in the identification of the following three kinds of behaviors, throwing (throwing hammer, throwing bottle), operating (turning on switch, putting bottle), and crossing (crossing railing and crossing obstacle). The findings of the study have some practical implications for safety management, especially workers\u2019 behavior monitoring and management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23146318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]],"date-time":"2023-07-12T01:05:01Z","timestamp":1689123901000},"page":"6318","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Study on the Interaction Behaviors Identification of Construction Workers Based on ST-GCN and YOLO"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Peilin","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Safety Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6645-9017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Safety Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuhua","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Safety Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3677-3158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liangjie","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Safety Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, G., Hu, Z., and Zheng, J. 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