{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T16:44:04Z","timestamp":1764175444528,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]],"date-time":"2023-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFB3902300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFB3902300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Airborne infrared optical systems equipped with multiple cooled infrared cameras are commonly utilized for quantitative radiometry and thermometry measurements. Radiometric calibration is crucial for ensuring the accuracy and quantitative application of remote sensing camera data. Conventional radiometric calibration methods that consider internal stray radiation are usually based on the assumption that the entire system is in thermal equilibrium. However, this assumption leads to significant errors when applying the radiometric calibration results in actual mission scenarios. To address this issue, we analyzed the changes in optical temperature within the system and developed a simplified model to account for the internal stray radiation in the non-thermal equilibrium state. Building upon this model, we proposed an enhanced radiometric calibration method, which was applied to the absolute radiometric calibration procedure of the system. The radiometric calibration experiment, conducted on the medium-wave channel of the system within a temperature test chamber, demonstrated that the proposed method can achieve a calibration accuracy exceeding 3.78% within an ambient temperature range of \u221230 \u00b0C to 15 \u00b0C. Additionally, the maximum temperature measurement error was found to be less than \u00b11.01 \u00b0C.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23146326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,13]],"date-time":"2023-07-13T01:58:11Z","timestamp":1689213491000},"page":"6326","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Calibration Method for Airborne Infrared Optical Systems in a Non-Thermal Equilibrium State"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8796-862X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingyuan","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Airborne Optical Imaging and Measurement, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"},{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8085-9805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Honghai","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Airborne Optical Imaging and Measurement, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"},{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Airborne Optical Imaging and Measurement, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Airborne Optical Imaging and Measurement, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"},{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Airborne Optical Imaging and Measurement, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"},{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Airborne Optical Imaging and Measurement, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"},{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinghua","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, Jiuquan 732750, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1117\/12.544649","article-title":"Calibration method for IR channel of dual-band long-range airborne camera","volume":"Volume 5406","author":"Petrushevsky","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Infrared Technology and Applications XXX"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"214","article-title":"High-resolution long-range oblique IR imaging from an airborne platform","volume":"Volume 6395","author":"Petrushevsky","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Electro-Optical and Infrared Systems: Technology and Applications III"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"75","article-title":"The Goodrich 3rd generation DB-110 system: Operational on tactical and unmanned aircraft","volume":"Volume 6209","author":"Iyengar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Airborne Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance (ISR) Systems and Applications III"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1117\/12.218615","article-title":"EO\/IR dual-band reconnaissance system DB-110","volume":"Volume 2555","author":"Sementelli","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Airborne Reconnaissance XIX"},{"unstructured":"Wyatt, C. 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