{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T18:09:52Z","timestamp":1783447792560,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,16]],"date-time":"2023-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52078122"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52078122"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, three studies on modal bridge expansion joints were conducted through experiments. The advantages and disadvantages of acceleration and fiber optic strain sensors in the tested modal expansion joints were compared. Secondly, the variation in the natural frequency of the modal bridge expansion joints at different concrete curing periods was investigated. Finally, the effect of damage on natural frequency in different parts (the center beam, the support bar, and concrete in the anchorage zone) of the modal bridge expansion joint was analyzed. For this purpose, three specimens were cast, each with six damage states. Manual methods damaged the specimens. An impact hammer was used to excite the corresponding parts of the different components. The results showed that the acceleration sensor is optimal for the modal bridge expansion joint test. The specimen\u2019s natural frequency increased with the curing time\u2019s growth. The natural frequency increased by 10 Hz from day 3 to day 28 of curing. With the gradual increase in damage, the natural frequencies of the center beam and support bar showed a gradual decreasing trend. The damage to the concrete in the anchorage zone caused less significant changes in the natural frequency, but the overall natural frequency still had a decreasing trend. The sensitivity of each frequency to the damage was different in different parts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23146437","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]],"date-time":"2023-07-17T01:06:36Z","timestamp":1689555996000},"page":"6437","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Experimental Study of Bridge Expansion Joint Damage Based on Natural Frequency"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2637-4396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junshi","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2226-1618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caiqian","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China"},{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenping","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Limin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2009.01.011","article-title":"Inspection survey of 150 expansion joints in road bridges","volume":"31","author":"Lima","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eng. 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