{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T07:36:05Z","timestamp":1782372965060,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]],"date-time":"2023-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689811200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"PAL Technologies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Measures of physical performance captured within a clinical setting are commonly used as a surrogate for underlying health or disease risk within an individual. By measuring physical behaviour within a free-living setting, we may be able to better quantify physical performance. In our study, we outline an approach to measure maximum free-living step count using a body-worn sensor as an indicator of physical performance. We then use this approach to characterise the maximum step count over a range of window durations within a population of older adults to identify a preferred duration over which to measure the maximum step count. We found that while almost all individuals (97%) undertook at least one instance of continuous stepping longer than two minutes, a sizeable minority of individuals (31%) had no periods of continuous stepping longer than six minutes. We suggest that the maximum step count measured over a six-minute period may be too sensitive to the adults\u2019 lack of opportunity to undertake prolonged periods of stepping, and a two-minute window could provide a more representative measure of physical performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23146555","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,21]],"date-time":"2023-07-21T01:58:38Z","timestamp":1689904718000},"page":"6555","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Beyond the Clinic: Maximum Free-Living Stepping as a Potential Measure of Physical Performance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Craig","family":"Speirs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PAL Technologies Ltd., Glasgow G4 0TQ, UK"},{"name":"Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4593-1103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark D.","family":"Dunlop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Roper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0722-2760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malcolm","family":"Granat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Salford M6 6PU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2022.08.002","article-title":"Validity of the ActivPAL Monitor to Measure Stepping Activity and Activity Intensity: A Systematic Review","volume":"97","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Edwardson, C.L., Rowlands, A.V., Bunnewell, S., Sanders, J., Esliger, D.W., Gorely, T., O\u2019Connell, S., Davies, M.J., Khunti, K., and Yates, T. (2016). Accuracy of Posture Allocation Algorithms for Thigh-and Waist-Worn Accelerometers. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., 48.","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000865"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ATS Committee on Proficiency Standards for Clinical Pulmonary Function Laboratories (2002). ATS Statement: Guidelines for the Six-Minute Walk Test. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 166, 111\u2013117.","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.166.1.at1102"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"But-Hadzic, J., Dervisevic, M., Karpljuk, D., Videmsek, M., Dervisevic, E., Paravlic, A., Hadzic, V., and Tomazin, K. (2021). Six-Minute Walk Distance in Breast Cancer Survivors\u2014A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Int. J. Environ. Res. 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