{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T11:08:08Z","timestamp":1780657688984,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,7]],"date-time":"2023-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program Project: Research and Development of Quality Information Control Technology for Multimodal Grain Transportation Efficient Connection","award":["2022YFD2100202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFD2100202"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Images captured under complex conditions frequently have low quality, and image performance obtained under low-light conditions is poor and does not satisfy subsequent engineering processing. The goal of low-light image enhancement is to restore low-light images to normal illumination levels. Although many methods have emerged in this field, they are inadequate for dealing with noise, color deviation, and exposure issues. To address these issues, we present CGAAN, a new unsupervised generative adversarial network that combines a new attention module and a new normalization function based on cycle generative adversarial networks and employs a global\u2013local discriminator trained with unpaired low-light and normal-light images and stylized region loss. Our attention generates feature maps via global and average pooling, and the weights of different feature maps are calculated by multiplying learnable parameters and feature maps in the appropriate order. These weights indicate the significance of corresponding features. Specifically, our attention is a feature map attention mechanism that improves the network\u2019s feature-extraction ability by distinguishing the normal light domain from the low-light domain to obtain an attention map to solve the color bias and exposure problems. The style region loss guides the network to more effectively eliminate the effects of noise. The new normalization function we present preserves more semantic information while normalizing the image, which can guide the model to recover more details and improve image quality even further. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can produce good results that are useful for practical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23156990","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,7]],"date-time":"2023-08-07T06:38:48Z","timestamp":1691390328000},"page":"6990","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Cyclic Generative Attention-Adversarial Network for Low-Light Image Enhancement"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Tong","family":"Zhen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Grain Information Processing and Control, Ministry of Education, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1202-5912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daxin","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Grain Information Processing and Control, Ministry of Education, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Grain Information Processing and Control, Ministry of Education, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2022.168899","article-title":"Histogram modification in adaptive bi-histogram equalization for contrast enhancement on digital images","volume":"259","author":"Paul","year":"2022","journal-title":"Optik"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-021-02330-z","article-title":"Adaptive tri-plateau limit tri-histogram equalization algorithm for digital image enhancement","volume":"39","author":"Paul","year":"2023","journal-title":"Visual Comput."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"1172","article-title":"A novel joint histogram equalization based image contrast enhancement","volume":"34","author":"Agrawal","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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