{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T19:47:15Z","timestamp":1761767235284,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,7]],"date-time":"2023-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of this study was two-fold: (1) to determine the sensitivity of the sEMG shorts-derived training load (sEMG-TL) during different running speeds; and (2) to investigate the relationship between the oxygen consumption, heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), accelerometry-based PlayerLoadTM (PL), and sEMG-TL during a running maximum oxygen uptake (V\u02d9O2max) test. The study investigated ten healthy participants. On day one, participants performed a three-speed treadmill test at 8, 10, and 12 km\u00b7h\u22121 for 2 min at each speed. On day two, participants performed a V\u02d9O2max test. Analysis of variance found significant differences in sEMG-TL at all three speeds (p &lt; 0.05). A significantly weak positive relationship between sEMG-TL and %V\u02d9O2max (r = 0.31, p &lt; 0.05) was established, while significantly strong relationships for 8 out of 10 participants at the individual level (r = 0.72\u20130.97, p &lt; 0.05) were found. Meanwhile, the accelerometry PL was not significantly related to %V\u02d9O2max (p &gt; 0.05) and only demonstrated significant correlations in 3 out of 10 participants at the individual level. Therefore, the sEMG shorts-derived training load was sensitive in detecting a work rate difference of at least 2 km\u00b7h\u22121. sEMG-TL may be an acceptable metric for the measurement of internal loads and could potentially be used as a surrogate for oxygen consumption.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23156998","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,7]],"date-time":"2023-08-07T06:38:48Z","timestamp":1691390328000},"page":"6998","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["An Investigation of Surface EMG Shorts-Derived Training Load during Treadmill Running"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Kurtis","family":"Ashcroft","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computing, Engineering and the Built Environment, Ulster University, Derry BT48 7JL, UK"},{"name":"School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0623-306X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tony","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computing, Engineering and the Built Environment, Ulster University, Derry BT48 7JL, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3517-2182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joan","family":"Condell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computing, Engineering and the Built Environment, Ulster University, Derry BT48 7JL, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Penpraze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5607-3829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen P.","family":"Bird","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD 4305, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-017-0830-z","article-title":"The Relationships Between Internal and External Measures of Training Load and Intensity in Team Sports: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"48","author":"McLaren","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2018-0935","article-title":"Internal and External Training Load: 15 Years On","volume":"14","author":"Impellizzeri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. 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