{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T20:25:31Z","timestamp":1779395131922,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,10]],"date-time":"2023-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sport and Wellbeing Analytics"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Head impacts in sports can produce brain injuries. The accurate quantification of head kinematics through instrumented mouthguards (iMG) can help identify underlying brain motion during injurious impacts. The aim of the current study is to assess the validity of an iMG across a large range of linear and rotational accelerations to allow for on-field head impact monitoring. Methods: Drop tests of an instrumented helmeted anthropometric testing device (ATD) were performed across a range of impact magnitudes and locations, with iMG measures collected concurrently. ATD and iMG kinematics were also fed forward to high-fidelity brain models to predict maximal principal strain. Results: The impacts produced a wide range of head kinematics (16\u2013171 g, 1330\u201310,164 rad\/s2 and 11.3\u201341.5 rad\/s) and durations (6\u201318 ms), representing impacts in rugby and boxing. Comparison of the peak values across ATD and iMG indicated high levels of agreement, with a total concordance correlation coefficient of 0.97 for peak impact kinematics and 0.97 for predicted brain strain. We also found good agreement between iMG and ATD measured time-series kinematic data, with the highest normalized root mean squared error for rotational velocity (5.47 \u00b1 2.61%) and the lowest for rotational acceleration (1.24 \u00b1 0.86%). Our results confirm that the iMG can reliably measure laboratory-based head kinematics under a large range of accelerations and is suitable for future on-field validity assessments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23167068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,10]],"date-time":"2023-08-10T10:52:40Z","timestamp":1691664760000},"page":"7068","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["An Instrumented Mouthguard for Real-Time Measurement of Head Kinematics under a Large Range of Sport Specific Accelerations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Chris M.","family":"Jones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports and Wellbeing Analytics, Swansea SA7 0AJ, UK"},{"name":"Institute of Sport and Exercise Health (ISEH), Division Surgery Interventional Science, University College London, London W1T 7HA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kieran","family":"Austin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports and Wellbeing Analytics, Swansea SA7 0AJ, UK"},{"name":"Institute of Sport, Nursing and Allied Health, University of Chichester, Chichester PO19 6PE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon N.","family":"Augustus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied and Human Sciences, Kingston University London, London KT1 2EE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kieran Jai","family":"Nicholas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports and Wellbeing Analytics, Swansea SA7 0AJ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiancheng","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HEAD Lab, Dyson School of Design Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HEAD Lab, Dyson School of Design Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily Yik Kwan","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HEAD Lab, Dyson School of Design Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mike","family":"Loosemore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sport and Exercise Health (ISEH), Division Surgery Interventional Science, University College London, London W1T 7HA, UK"},{"name":"English Institute of Sport, Manchester M11 3BS, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mazdak","family":"Ghajari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HEAD Lab, Dyson School of Design Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2019-321170","article-title":"Concussion and long-term cognitive impairment among professional or elite sport-persons: A systematic review","volume":"91","author":"Gallo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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