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(FAPESP)","award":["2021\/06946-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\/06946-0"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study addresses the problem of accurately predicting azimuth and elevation angles of signals impinging on an antenna array employing Machine Learning (ML). Using the information obtained at a receiving system when a transmitter\u2019s signal hits it, a Decision Tree (DT) model is trained to estimate azimuth and elevation angles simultaneously. Simulation results demonstrate the robustness of the proposed DT-based method, showcasing its ability to predict the Direction of Arrival (DOA) in diverse conditions beyond the ones present in the training dataset, i.e., the results display the model\u2019s generalization capability. Additionally, the comparative analysis reveals that DT-based DOA estimation outperforms the state-of-the-art MUltiple SIgnal Classification (MUSIC) algorithm. Our results demonstrate an average reduction of over 90% in the prediction error and 50% in the prediction time achieved by our proposal when compared to the MUSIC algorithm. These results establish DTs as competitive alternatives for DOA estimation in signal reception systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23167114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]],"date-time":"2023-08-11T12:10:23Z","timestamp":1691755823000},"page":"7114","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Simultaneous Estimation of Azimuth and Elevation Angles Using a Decision Tree-Based Method"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Anabel Reyes","family":"Carballeira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Telecommunications INATEL, Av. Jo\u00e3o de Camargo, 510-Centro, Santa Rita do Sapuca\u00ed 37540-000, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2167-7286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felipe A. P.","family":"de Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Telecommunications INATEL, Av. Jo\u00e3o de Camargo, 510-Centro, Santa Rita do Sapuca\u00ed 37540-000, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3455-8363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose Marcos C.","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Telecommunications INATEL, Av. Jo\u00e3o de Camargo, 510-Centro, Santa Rita do Sapuca\u00ed 37540-000, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Chen, Z., Gokeda, G., and Yu, Y. (2010). 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