{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T20:50:09Z","timestamp":1775076609136,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,14]],"date-time":"2023-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691971200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Animal behaviour can be an indicator of health and welfare. Monitoring behaviour through visual observation is labour-intensive and there is a risk of missing infrequent behaviours. Twelve healthy domestic shorthair cats were fitted with triaxial accelerometers mounted on a collar and harness. Over seven days, accelerometer and video footage were collected simultaneously. Identifier variables (n = 32) were calculated from the accelerometer data and summarized into 1 s epochs. Twenty-four behaviours were annotated from the video recordings and aligned with the summarised accelerometer data. Models were created using random forest (RF) and supervised self-organizing map (SOM) machine learning techniques for each mounting location. Multiple modelling rounds were run to select and merge behaviours based on performance values. All models were then tested on a validation accelerometer dataset from the same twelve cats to identify behaviours. The frequency of behaviours was calculated and compared using Dirichlet regression. Despite the SOM models having higher Kappa (&gt;95%) and overall accuracy (&gt;95%) compared with the RF models (64\u201376% and 70\u201386%, respectively), the RF models predicted behaviours more consistently between mounting locations. These results indicate that triaxial accelerometers can identify cat specific behaviours.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23167165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,14]],"date-time":"2023-08-14T11:07:10Z","timestamp":1692011230000},"page":"7165","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["The Use of Triaxial Accelerometers and Machine Learning Algorithms for Behavioural Identification in Domestic Cats (Felis catus): A Validation Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0554-5125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle","family":"Smit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seer J.","family":"Ikurior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7398-2653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rene A.","family":"Corner-Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3049-1835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Andrews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2131-4012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ina","family":"Draganova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7460-9351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David G.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X18771204","article-title":"Behavioral awareness in the feline consultation: Understanding physical and emotional health","volume":"20","author":"Horwitz","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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