{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T20:17:47Z","timestamp":1779913067913,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692748800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Group Funding","award":["NU\/RG\/SERC\/12\/40"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NU\/RG\/SERC\/12\/40"]}]},{"name":"Research Group Funding","award":["PNURSP2023R410"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2023R410"]}]},{"name":"Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project","award":["NU\/RG\/SERC\/12\/40"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NU\/RG\/SERC\/12\/40"]}]},{"name":"Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project","award":["PNURSP2023R410"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2023R410"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ubiquitous computing has been a green research area that has managed to attract and sustain the attention of researchers for some time now. As ubiquitous computing applications, human activity recognition and localization have also been popularly worked on. These applications are used in healthcare monitoring, behavior analysis, personal safety, and entertainment. A robust model has been proposed in this article that works over IoT data extracted from smartphone and smartwatch sensors to recognize the activities performed by the user and, in the meantime, classify the location at which the human performed that particular activity. The system starts by denoising the input signal using a second-order Butterworth filter and then uses a hamming window to divide the signal into small data chunks. Multiple stacked windows are generated using three windows per stack, which, in turn, prove helpful in producing more reliable features. The stacked data are then transferred to two parallel feature extraction blocks, i.e., human activity recognition and human localization. The respective features are extracted for both modules that reinforce the system\u2019s accuracy. A recursive feature elimination is applied to the features of both categories independently to select the most informative ones among them. After the feature selection, a genetic algorithm is used to generate ten different generations of each feature vector for data augmentation purposes, which directly impacts the system\u2019s performance. Finally, a deep neural decision forest is trained for classifying the activity and the subject\u2019s location while working on both of these attributes in parallel. For the evaluation and testing of the proposed system, two openly accessible benchmark datasets, the ExtraSensory dataset and the Sussex-Huawei Locomotion dataset, were used. The system outperformed the available state-of-the-art systems by recognizing human activities with an accuracy of 88.25% and classifying the location with an accuracy of 90.63% over the ExtraSensory dataset, while, for the Sussex-Huawei Locomotion dataset, the respective results were 96.00% and 90.50% accurate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23177363","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]],"date-time":"2023-08-24T10:47:08Z","timestamp":1692874028000},"page":"7363","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Intelligent Localization and Deep Human Activity Recognition through IoT Devices"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Abdulwahab","family":"Alazeb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information System, Najran University, Najran 55461, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Usman","family":"Azmat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Air University, E-9, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8361-6561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naif","family":"Al Mudawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information System, Najran University, Najran 55461, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Alshahrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23218, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saud S.","family":"Alotaibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Systems Department, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4405-9912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nouf Abdullah","family":"Almujally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Systems, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Jalal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Air University, E-9, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2016.2541171","article-title":"Situation-aware IoT service coordination using the event-driven SOA paradigm","volume":"13","author":"Cheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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