{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T19:50:17Z","timestamp":1781553017471,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]],"date-time":"2023-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dual-tasking can cause cognitive\u2013motor interference (CMI) and affect task performance. This study investigated the effects of age, gait speed, and type of cognitive task on CMI during gait. Ten younger and 10 older adults walked on a pressure-sensitive GAITRite walkway which recorded gait speed and step length. Participants walked at a slow, preferred, or fast speed while simultaneously completing four cognitive tasks: visuomotor reaction time (VMRT), serial subtraction (SS), word list generation (WLG), and visual Stroop (VS). Each combination of task and speed was repeated for two trials. Tasks were also performed while standing. Motor and cognitive costs were calculated with the formula: ((single-dual)\/single \u00d7 100). Higher costs indicate a larger reduction in performance from single to dual-task. Motor costs were higher for WLG and SS than VMRT and VS and higher in older adults (p &lt; 0.05). Cognitive costs were higher for SS than WLG (p = 0.001). At faster speeds, dual-task costs increased for WLG and SS, although decreased for VMRT. CMI was highest for working memory, language, and problem-solving tasks, which was reduced by slow walking. Aging increased CMI, although both ages were affected similarly by task and speed. Dual-task assessments could include challenging CMI conditions to improve the prediction of motor and cognitive status.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23177368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]],"date-time":"2023-08-24T10:47:08Z","timestamp":1692874028000},"page":"7368","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["The Effect of Cognitive Task, Gait Speed, and Age on Cognitive\u2013Motor Interference during Walking"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Jessica","family":"Pitts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1919 W Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kunal","family":"Singhal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences, Austin, TX 32086, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yashashree","family":"Apte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1919 W Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prakruti","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lakshmi","family":"Kannan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1919 W Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6417-1018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanvi","family":"Bhatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1919 W Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2007.09.001","article-title":"Interactions between cognitive tasks and gait after stroke: A dual task study","volume":"27","author":"Altmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Pashler, H., and Johnston, J. 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