{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T06:59:37Z","timestamp":1783666777703,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]],"date-time":"2023-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692921600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Wheelchair sports have been using Inertial Measurement Units (IMU) to measure mobility metrics during training, testing and competition. Presently, the most suitable solution to calculate wheelchair speed and frame rotation is the 3IMU method as there is uncertainty about the ability of a one wheel-mounted IMU (1IMU) approach to calculate wheelchair frame rotational kinematics. A new method for calculating wheelchair frame rotational kinematics using a single wheel-mounted IMU is presented and compared to a criterion measurement using a wheelchair-frame-mounted IMU. Goodness-of-fit statistics demonstrate very strong linear relationships between wheelchair frame angular velocity calculated from the wheel-mounted IMUs and a wheelchair-frame-mounted IMU. Root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and Bland\u2013Altman analysis show very small differences between the wheelchair frame angular velocity calculated from the wheel-mounted IMUs and the wheelchair-frame-mounted IMU. This study has demonstrated a simple and accurate approach to estimating wheelchair frame rotation using one wheel-mounted IMU during an elite wheelchair athlete agility task. Future research is needed to reexamine and compare wheelchair mobility metrics determined using the 3IMU and 1IMU solutions using this new approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23177423","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]],"date-time":"2023-08-25T08:42:20Z","timestamp":1692952940000},"page":"7423","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Simple and Valid Method to Calculate Wheelchair Frame Rotation Using One Wheel-Mounted IMU"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5512-0558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc","family":"Klimstra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P2, Canada"},{"name":"Canadian Sport Institute Pacific, Victoria, BC V9E 2C5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9366-8796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa","family":"Lacroix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Sport Institute Ontario, Toronto, ON M1C 0C7, Canada"},{"name":"Wheelchair Rugby Canada, Ottawa, ON K1G 4K3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matt","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Sport Institute Pacific, Victoria, BC V9E 2C5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0488-0247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joel","family":"Greenshields","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Sport Institute Ontario, Toronto, ON M1C 0C7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Geneau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P2, Canada"},{"name":"Canadian Sport Institute Pacific, Victoria, BC V9E 2C5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6944-0467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Cormier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P2, Canada"},{"name":"Canadian Sport Institute Pacific, Victoria, BC V9E 2C5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Brodie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Sport Institute Pacific, Victoria, BC V9E 2C5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Drew","family":"Commandeur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3338-3306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming-Chang","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Sport Institute Pacific, Victoria, BC V9E 2C5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rietveld, T., Vegter, R.J.K., van der Slikke, R.M.A., Hoekstra, A.E., van der Woude, L.H.V., and de Groot, S. 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