{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T16:45:26Z","timestamp":1772642726446,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,27]],"date-time":"2023-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693094400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shift2Rail Joint Undertaking (JU)","award":["101004051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101004051"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program and the Shift2Rail JU members other than the Union","award":["101004051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101004051"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Traditionally, freight wagon technology has lacked digitalization and advanced monitoring capabilities. This article presents recent advancements in freight wagon digitalization, covering the system\u2019s definition, development, and field tests on a commercial line in Sweden. A number of components and systems were installed on board on the freight wagon, leading to the intelligent freight wagon. The digitalization includes the integration of sensors for different functions such as train composition, train integrity, asset monitoring and continuous wagon positioning. Communication capabilities enable data exchange between components, securely stored and transferred to a remote server for access and visualization. Three digitalized freight wagons operated on the N\u00e4ssjo\u2013Falk\u00f6ping line, equipped with strategically placed monitoring sensors to collect valuable data on wagon performance and railway infrastructure. The field tests showcase the system\u2019s potential for detecting faults and anomalies, signifying a significant advancement in freight wagon technology, and contributing to an improvement in freight wagon digitalization and monitoring. The gathered insights demonstrate the system\u2019s effectiveness, setting the stage for a comprehensive monitoring solution for railway infrastructures. These advancements promise real-time analysis, anomaly detection, and proactive maintenance, fostering improved efficiency and safety in the domain of freight transportation, while contributing to the enhancement of freight wagon digitalization and supervision.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23177448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T06:10:22Z","timestamp":1693203022000},"page":"7448","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Freight Wagon Digitalization for Condition Monitoring and Advanced Operation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5553-9034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iker","family":"Moya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CEIT-Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Manuel Lardizabal 15, 20018 Donostia\/San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain"},{"name":"Universidad de Navarra, Tecnun, Manuel Lardizabal 13, 20018 Donostia\/San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4561-3519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEIT-Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Manuel Lardizabal 15, 20018 Donostia\/San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain"},{"name":"Universidad de Navarra, Tecnun, Manuel Lardizabal 13, 20018 Donostia\/San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0906-1654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Zabalegui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEIT-Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Manuel Lardizabal 15, 20018 Donostia\/San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain"},{"name":"Universidad de Navarra, Tecnun, Manuel Lardizabal 13, 20018 Donostia\/San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5658-5253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gorka","family":"de Miguel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEIT-Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Manuel Lardizabal 15, 20018 Donostia\/San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain"},{"name":"Universidad de Navarra, Tecnun, Manuel Lardizabal 13, 20018 Donostia\/San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain"}]},{"given":"Markos","family":"Losada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEIT-Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Manuel Lardizabal 15, 20018 Donostia\/San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain"},{"name":"Universidad de Navarra, Tecnun, Manuel Lardizabal 13, 20018 Donostia\/San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain"}]},{"given":"Jon","family":"Amengual","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEIT-Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Manuel Lardizabal 15, 20018 Donostia\/San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain"},{"name":"Universidad de Navarra, Tecnun, Manuel Lardizabal 13, 20018 Donostia\/San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7779-7853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I\u00f1igo","family":"Adin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEIT-Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Manuel Lardizabal 15, 20018 Donostia\/San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain"},{"name":"Universidad de Navarra, Tecnun, Manuel Lardizabal 13, 20018 Donostia\/San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1491-5960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaizki","family":"Mendizabal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEIT-Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Manuel Lardizabal 15, 20018 Donostia\/San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain"},{"name":"Universidad de Navarra, Tecnun, Manuel Lardizabal 13, 20018 Donostia\/San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trpro.2021.02.003","article-title":"Industry 4.0 Implementation Options in Railway Transport","volume":"53","author":"Klapita","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transp. 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