{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T08:01:20Z","timestamp":1764403280398,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62271184","61827806","LZ22F010007","2022YFD2000100","CTZB-2020080127-19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62271184","61827806","LZ22F010007","2022YFD2000100","CTZB-2020080127-19"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["62271184","61827806","LZ22F010007","2022YFD2000100","CTZB-2020080127-19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62271184","61827806","LZ22F010007","2022YFD2000100","CTZB-2020080127-19"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62271184","61827806","LZ22F010007","2022YFD2000100","CTZB-2020080127-19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62271184","61827806","LZ22F010007","2022YFD2000100","CTZB-2020080127-19"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Talent Cultivation Project by Zhejiang Association for Science and Technology","award":["62271184","61827806","LZ22F010007","2022YFD2000100","CTZB-2020080127-19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62271184","61827806","LZ22F010007","2022YFD2000100","CTZB-2020080127-19"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The differential count of white blood cells (WBCs) can effectively provide disease information for patients. Existing stained microscopic WBC classification usually requires complex sample-preparation steps, and is easily affected by external conditions such as illumination. In contrast, the inconspicuous nuclei of stain-free WBCs also bring great challenges to WBC classification. As such, image enhancement, as one of the preprocessing methods of image classification, is essential in improving the image qualities of stain-free WBCs. However, traditional or existing convolutional neural network (CNN)-based image enhancement techniques are typically designed as standalone modules aimed at improving the perceptual quality of humans, without considering their impact on advanced computer vision tasks of classification. Therefore, this work proposes a novel model, UR-Net, which consists of an image enhancement network framed by ResUNet with an attention mechanism and a ResNet classification network. The enhancement model is integrated into the classification model for joint training to improve the classification performance for stain-free WBCs. The experimental results demonstrate that compared to the models without image enhancement and previous enhancement and classification models, our proposed model achieved a best classification performance of 83.34% on our stain-free WBC dataset.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23177605","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T09:12:22Z","timestamp":1693559542000},"page":"7605","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["UR-Net: An Integrated ResUNet and Attention Based Image Enhancement and Classification Network for Stain-Free White Blood Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Sikai","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2364-0479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiwei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China"}]},{"given":"Zefei","family":"Lyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China"}]},{"given":"Jingwen","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8359-4868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiye","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China"}]},{"given":"Haijun","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China"}]},{"given":"Shan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China"}]},{"given":"Lingling","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5339","DOI":"10.1039\/C8AN01269E","article-title":"Smartphone-based analytical biosensors","volume":"143","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.1972.324072","article-title":"The classification of white blood cells","volume":"19","author":"Young","year":"1972","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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