{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T06:40:27Z","timestamp":1769582427786,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions","award":["PAPD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PAPD"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To study the electromagnetic scattering of tilt-rotor aircraft during multi-mode continuous flight, a dynamic simulation approach is presented. A time-varying mesh method is established to characterize the dynamic rotation and tilting of tilt-rotor aircraft. Shooting and bouncing rays and the uniform theory of diffraction are used to calculate the multi-mode radar cross-section (RCS). And the scattering mechanisms of tilt-rotor aircraft are investigated by extracting the micro-Doppler and inverse synthetic aperture radar images. The results show that the dynamic RCS of tilt-rotor aircraft in helicopter and airplane mode exhibits obvious periodicity, and the transition mode leads to a strong specular reflection on the rotor\u2019s upper surface, which increases the RCS with a maximum increase of about 36 dB. The maximum micro-Doppler shift has functional relationships with flight time, tilt speed, and wave incident direction. By analyzing the change patterns of maximum shift, the real-time flight state and mode can be identified. There are some significant scattering sources on the body of tilt-rotor aircraft that are distributed in a planar or point-like manner, and the importance of different scattering sources varies in different flight modes. The pre-studies on the key scattering areas can provide effective help for the stealth design of the target.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23177606","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T09:12:22Z","timestamp":1693559542000},"page":"7606","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Dynamic Electromagnetic Scattering Simulation of Tilt-Rotor Aircraft in Multiple Modes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Zhongyang","family":"Fei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Helicopter Aeromechanics, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Helicopter Aeromechanics, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China"}]},{"given":"Xiangwen","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Helicopter Aeromechanics, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China"}]},{"given":"Qijun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Helicopter Aeromechanics, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4722-2172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Helicopter Aeromechanics, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, Z.M., Li, X.P., and Dong, G.X. 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