{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T15:56:32Z","timestamp":1772034992472,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,2]],"date-time":"2023-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693612800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Quantifying thoracic spine mobility with reliable and valid tools is a challenge for clinicians in practice. The aim of this study is to determine the reliability and validity of a smartphone device, bubble inclinometer and universal goniometer to quantify the static kyphotic curve and active range of motion of the thoracic spine. A total of 17 participants (mean age = 23.7 \u00b1 2.3 years) underwent repeated measurements with three raters, on three separate days performing the lumbar-locked trunk rotation, standing full extension, standing full flexion, standing relaxed curve and seated trunk rotation assessments. Mostly \u201cGood\u201d to \u201cExcellent\u201d intra-rater (ICC ranging from 0.624 to 0.981) and inter-reliability (ICC ranging from 0.671 to 0.968) was achieved with the smartphone and clinical tools. \u201cExcellent\u201d validity (ICC ranging from 0.903 to 0.947) with the smartphone was achieved during lumbar-locked trunk rotation and standing relaxed curve assessment. \u201cGood\u201d validity (ICC ranging from 0.836 to 0.867) of the smartphone was achieved during the seated trunk rotation. The Samsung s9+ smartphone with the iSetSquare mobile application is a reliable and valid tool to use for clinical assessments assessing thoracic spine mobility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23177622","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]],"date-time":"2023-09-04T02:59:55Z","timestamp":1693796395000},"page":"7622","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Reliability and Validity of a Smartphone Device and Clinical Tools for Thoracic Spine Mobility Assessments"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4304-1841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela Bella","family":"van Baalen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6158-9483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benedicte","family":"Vanwanseele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6620-7915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ranel Rachel","family":"Venter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-47.1.52","article-title":"Reliability of Thoracic Spine Rotation Range-of-Motion Measurements in Healthy Adults","volume":"47","author":"Johnson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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