{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T18:37:29Z","timestamp":1780511849796,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]],"date-time":"2023-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693785600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS) has been used as a reference method for measuring skin carotenoid levels (SCL), which indicate vegetable and fruit intake. However, RRS is not an easy-to-use method in SCL measurement due to its complicated implementation. In this study, a commercial spectrophotometer based on reflection spectroscopy (RS), which is relatively simple and inexpensive, was evaluated to confirm usability compared with RRS in measuring SCL. To investigate the agreement between RS and RRS, eighty participants were randomly assigned to a high-carotenoid diet group (21 mg\/day of total carotenoids) or a control-carotenoid diet group (14 mg\/day of total carotenoids) during a 6-week whole-diet intervention period and a 4-week tracking period. Strong correlations between the RS and RRS methods were observed at baseline (r = 0.944) and the entire period (r = 0.930). The rate of SCL increase was similar during the diet intervention; however, the initiation of the SCL decrease in RS was slower than in RRS during the tracking period. To confirm the agreement of RS and RRS from various perspectives, new visualization tools and indices were additionally applied and confirmed the similar response patterns of the two methods. The results indicate that the proposed RS method could be an alternative to RRS in SCL measurements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23177654","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]],"date-time":"2023-09-04T10:24:30Z","timestamp":1693823070000},"page":"7654","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Evaluation of a Commercial Device Based on Reflection Spectroscopy as an Alternative to Resonance Raman Spectroscopy in Measuring Skin Carotenoid Levels: Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5448-1749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeong-Eun","family":"Hwang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Device Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon 16678, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin-Young","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health H\/W R&D Group, Device eXperience (DX), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon 16678, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myoung Hoon","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health H\/W R&D Group, Device eXperience (DX), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon 16678, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7890-1509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kunsun","family":"Eom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health H\/W R&D Group, Device eXperience (DX), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon 16678, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun Seok","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health H\/W R&D Group, Device eXperience (DX), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon 16678, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1182-7786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyojee","family":"Joung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9968-9391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoon Jae","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Device Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon 16678, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2015.01.020","article-title":"Optical detection methods for carotenoids in human skin","volume":"572","author":"Ermakov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch. 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