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This study investigated gasoline vehicle emission characteristics with different gasoline detergency, explored synergistic emission reduction potentials, and developed versatile emission prediction models. The results indicate that improved fuel detergency leads to a reduction of 5.1% in fuel consumption, along with decreases of 3.2% in total CO2, 55.4% in CO, and 15.4% in HC emissions. However, during low-speed driving, CO2 and CO emissions reductions are limited, and HC emissions worsen. A synergistic emission reduction was observed, particularly with CO exhibiting a pronounced reduction compared to HC. The developed deep-learning-based vehicle emission model for different gasoline detergency (DPVEM-DGD) enables accurate emission predictions under various fuel detergency conditions. The Pearson correlation coefficients (Pearson\u2019s r) between predicted and measured values of CO2, CO, and HC emissions before and after adding detergency agents are 0.913 and 0.934, 0.895 and 0.915, and 0.931 and 0.969, respectively. The predictive performance improves due to reduced peak emissions resulting from improved fuel detergency. Elevated gasoline detergency not only reduces exhaust emissions but also facilitates more refined emission management to a certain extent.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23177655","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]],"date-time":"2023-09-04T10:24:30Z","timestamp":1693823070000},"page":"7655","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Exhaust Emissions from Gasoline Vehicles with Different Fuel Detergency and the Prediction Model Using Deep Learning"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Rongshuo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}]},{"given":"Hongfei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}]},{"given":"Peiyuan","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Zu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China"}]},{"given":"Yangbing","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}]},{"given":"Menglei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}]},{"given":"Yunjing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5455-1850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rencheng","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"},{"name":"State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China"},{"name":"Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Synergetic Control of Environmental Pollution and Carbon Emissions of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"l2299","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l2299","article-title":"Carbon monoxide poisoning","volume":"365","author":"Ashcroft","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"012014","DOI":"10.1088\/1755-1315\/821\/1\/012014","article-title":"Research on the real-world gaseous emission characteristics of a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle under different initial battery state-of-charge","volume":"821","author":"Zhiwen","year":"2021","journal-title":"IOP Conf. 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