{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T05:59:01Z","timestamp":1776059941741,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]],"date-time":"2023-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694044800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Commission","award":["883116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["883116"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Stand-off detection of latent traces avoids the scene alteration that might occur during close inspection by handheld forensic lights. Here, we describe a novel sensor, named Crime Light Imaging (CLI), designed to perform high-resolution photography of targets at a distance of 2\u201310 m and to visualize some common latent traces. CLI is based on four high-power illumination LEDs and one color CMOS camera with a motorized objective plus frontal filters; the LEDs and camera could be synchronized to obtain short-exposure images weakly dependent on the ambient light. The sensor is integrated into a motorized platform, providing the target scanning and necessary information for 3D scene reconstruction. The whole system is portable and equipped with a user-friendly interface. The preliminary tests of CLI on fingerprints at distance of 7 m showed an excellent image resolution and drastic contrast enhancement under green LED light. At the same distance, a small (1 \u00b5L) blood droplet on black tissue was captured by CLI under NIR LED, while a trace from 15 \u00b5L semen on white cotton became visible under UV LED illumination. These results represent the first demonstration of true stand-off photography of latent traces, thus opening the way for a completely new approach in crime scene forensic examination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23187736","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]],"date-time":"2023-09-07T10:11:07Z","timestamp":1694081467000},"page":"7736","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Crime Light Imaging (CLI): A Novel Sensor for Stand-Off Detection and Localization of Forensic Traces"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9733-0740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Chiuri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Laboratory FSN-TECFIS-DIM, Via Enrico Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati, Italy"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Chirico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Laboratory FSN-TECFIS-DIM, Via Enrico Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9264-7228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Angelini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Laboratory FSN-TECFIS-DIM, Via Enrico Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati, Italy"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Andreoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Laboratory FSN-FUSEN-TEN, Via Enrico Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati, Italy"}]},{"given":"Ivano","family":"Menicucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Laboratory FSN-TECFIS-DIM, Via Enrico Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati, Italy"}]},{"given":"Marcello","family":"Nuvoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Laboratory FSN-TECFIS-DIM, Via Enrico Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9587-4514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Cano-Trujillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Alcal\u00e1, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Anal\u00edtica, Qu\u00edmica F\u00edsica e Ingenier\u00eda Qu\u00edmica, Facultad de Farmacia, 28871 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Spain"},{"name":"Universidad de Alcal\u00e1, Instituto Universitario de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ciencias Policiales, Calle Libreros 27, 28801 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5640-8908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gemma","family":"Montalvo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Alcal\u00e1, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Anal\u00edtica, Qu\u00edmica F\u00edsica e Ingenier\u00eda Qu\u00edmica, Facultad de Farmacia, 28871 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Spain"},{"name":"Universidad de Alcal\u00e1, Instituto Universitario de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ciencias Policiales, Calle Libreros 27, 28801 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0823-0359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Violeta","family":"Lazic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Laboratory FSN-TECFIS-DIM, Via Enrico Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2023, April 04). 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