{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:29:31Z","timestamp":1760149771187,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694131200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Cognitive bias may appear in occupational therapists\u2019 interpretation of physical examinations. Since different strategies for decision making have been shown to reduce bias, its quantification is an essential first step towards awareness and bias reduction. Our aims: (1) quantify cognitive bias by testing the differences in occupational therapists\u2019 assessment of lateral pinch force modulation between young and older adults, and between women and men; and (2) to test for a correlation between the tendency to bypass an intuitive response and the degree of cognitive bias. Methods: Occupational therapists (n = 37; age 40.3 \u00b1 11.4 years) used a visual analogue scale to rate pre-recorded simulations of the digital output of lateral pinch modulation videos of different levels of abilities coupled with videos of young\/old men\/woman pressing the force sensor. They filled out the Cognitive Reflection Test and the Rational-Experiential Inventory-40. Results: Subjects showed higher bias towards old individuals compared to young ones (p &lt; 0.001), but with no sex bias (p = 0.119). Rational ability correlated with cognitive bias of assessment of lateral pinch modulation in old individuals (r = 0.537, p &lt; 0.001). Discussion: Occupational therapists might underestimate the physical abilities of older adults. Biased evaluation might cause assignment of redundant exercises and therefore loss of time, effort, and resources.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23187747","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T08:01:30Z","timestamp":1694160090000},"page":"7747","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Age-Related Cognitive Bias in the Assessment of Lateral Pinch Modulation by Occupational Therapists"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Naama","family":"Karniel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hadassah Medical Center, Department of Physical Therapy, Jerusalem 9765418, Israel"},{"name":"Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eden","family":"Shimon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noam","family":"Gemer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rotem","family":"Zivion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7547-4150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sigal","family":"Portnoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1126\/science.185.4157.1124","article-title":"Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases. 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