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under poor lighting conditions often suffer from low brightness, low contrast, color distortion, and noise. The function of low-light image enhancement is to improve the visual effect of such images for subsequent processing. Recently, deep learning has been used more and more widely in image processing with the development of artificial intelligence technology, and we provide a comprehensive review of the field of low-light image enhancement in terms of network structure, training data, and evaluation metrics. In this paper, we systematically introduce low-light image enhancement based on deep learning in four aspects. First, we introduce the related methods of low-light image enhancement based on deep learning. We then describe the low-light image quality evaluation methods, organize the low-light image dataset, and finally compare and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the related methods and give an outlook on the future development direction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23187763","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T08:01:30Z","timestamp":1694160090000},"page":"7763","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":97,"title":["A Survey of Deep Learning-Based Low-Light Image Enhancement"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Zhen","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China"},{"name":"Institute of Computer Applications, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peixin","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China"},{"name":"Institute of Computer Applications, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jielin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China"},{"name":"Institute of Computer Applications, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukun","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China"},{"name":"Institute of Computer Applications, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guohou","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China"},{"name":"Institute of Computer Applications, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Internet, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2495-4469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weidong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China"},{"name":"Institute of Computer Applications, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3997","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2022.3177129","article-title":"Underwater Image Enhancement via Minimal Color Loss and Locally Adaptive Contrast Enhancement","volume":"31","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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