{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T20:54:23Z","timestamp":1773262463767,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,9]],"date-time":"2023-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694217600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The objective of this research study is to develop a set of expert systems that can aid metal manufacturing facilities in selecting binder jetting, direct metal laser sintering, or CNC machining based on viable products, processes, system parameters, and inherent sustainability aspects. For the purposes of this study, cost-effectiveness, energy, and auxiliary material usage efficiency were considered the key indicators of manufacturing process sustainability. The expert systems were developed using the knowledge automation software Exsys Corvid\u00aeV6.1.3. The programs were verified by analyzing and comparing the sustainability impacts of binder jetting and CNC machining during the fabrication of a stainless steel 316L component. According to the results of this study, binder jetting is deemed to be characterized by more favorable indicators of sustainability in comparison to CNC machining, considering the fabrication of components feasible for each technology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23187770","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T10:42:49Z","timestamp":1694428969000},"page":"7770","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A Sustainability-Based Expert System for Additive Manufacturing and CNC Machining"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Josage Chathura","family":"Perera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Industrial and Management Systems Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bhaskaran","family":"Gopalakrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Industrial and Management Systems Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prakash Singh","family":"Bisht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Industrial and Management Systems Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8624-8354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Subodh","family":"Chaudhari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0565-847X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Senthil","family":"Sundaramoorthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (2019). 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