{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T04:31:42Z","timestamp":1781757102826,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694390400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004607","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021GXNSFAA220010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021GXNSFAA220010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004607","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Internet of Things (IoT) is an advanced technology that comprises numerous devices with carrying sensors to collect, send, and receive data. Due to its vast popularity and efficiency, it is employed in collecting crucial data for the health sector. As the sensors generate huge amounts of data, it is better for the data to be aggregated before being transmitting the data further. These sensors generate redundant data frequently and transmit the same values again and again unless there is no variation in the data. The base scheme has no mechanism to comprehend duplicate data. This problem has a negative effect on the performance of heterogeneous networks.It increases energy consumption; and requires high control overhead, and additional transmission slots are required to send data. To address the above-mentioned challenges posed by duplicate data in the IoT-based health sector, this paper presents a fuzzy data aggregation system (FDAS) that aggregates data proficiently and reduces the same range of normal data sizes to increase network performance and decrease energy consumption. The appropriate parent node is selected by implementing fuzzy logic, considering important input parameters that are crucial from the parent node selection perspective and share Boolean digit 0 for the redundant values to store in a repository for future use. This increases the network lifespan by reducing the energy consumption of sensors in heterogeneous environments. Therefore, when the complexity of the environment surges, the efficiency of FDAS remains stable. The performance of the proposed scheme has been validated using the network simulator and compared with base schemes. According to the findings, the proposed technique (FDAS) dominates in terms of reducing energy consumption in both phases, achieves better aggregation, reduces control overhead, and requires the fewest transmission slots.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23187799","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T10:42:49Z","timestamp":1694428969000},"page":"7799","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Fuzzy-Based Efficient Healthcare Data Collection and Analysis Mechanism Using Edge Nodes in the IoMT"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1742-6312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Nafees Ulfat","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3811-732X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiling","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Wireless Broadband Communication and Signal Processing, School of Information and Communication, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiping","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Wireless Broadband Communication and Signal Processing, School of Information and Communication, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7159-2715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yawar Abbas","family":"Abid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computers and Cyberspace Security, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China"},{"name":"Department of Computers Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus, Sahiwal 57000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanghua","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Wireless Broadband Communication and Signal Processing, School of Information and Communication, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3603-1709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ata","family":"Ullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, National University of Modern Languages (NUML), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2018.06.027","article-title":"Taxonomy and analysis of security protocols for Internet of Things","volume":"10","author":"Das","year":"2018","journal-title":"Future Gener. Comput. Syst."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2017.08.006","article-title":"Data aggregation mechanisms in the Internet of things: A systematic review of the literature and recommendations for future research","volume":"97","author":"Pourghebleh","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Netw. Comput. Appl."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rahim, A., Zhong, Y., Ahmad, T., Ahmad, S., P\u0142awiak, P., and Hammad, M. (2023). Enhancing Smart Home Security: Anomaly Detection and Face Recognition in Smart Home IoT Devices Using Logit-Boosted CNN Models. Sensors, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/s23156979"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmad, T., and Wu, J. (2023). SDIGRU: Spatial and deep features integration using multilayer gated recurrent unit for human activity recognition. IEEE Trans. Comput. Soc. Syst., 1\u201313.","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSS.2023.3249152"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33148","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3263155","article-title":"Human Activity Recognition Based on Deep-Temporal Learning Using Convolution Neural Networks Features and Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit With Features Selection","volume":"11","author":"Ahmad","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2018.1700707","article-title":"Fog computing architecture, evaluation, and future research directions","volume":"56","author":"Aazam","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahmud, R., Koch, F.L., and Buyya, R. (2018, January 4\u20137). Cloud-fog interoperability in IoT-enabled healthcare solutions. Proceedings of the International Conference on Distributed Computing and Networking, Varanasi, India.","DOI":"10.1145\/3154273.3154347"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rub\u00ed, J.N.S., and Gondim, P.R.L. (2019). IoMT platform for pervasive healthcare data aggregation, processing, and sharing based on OneM2M and OpenEHR. Sensors, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/s19194283"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3810","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2849014","article-title":"Internet of medical things: A review of recent contributions dealing with cyber-physical systems in medicine","volume":"5","author":"Gatouillat","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nazir, T., and Banday, M.T. (2018, January 3\u20134). Green Internet of Things: A survey of enabling techniques. Proceedings of the I2018 International Conference on Automation and Computational Engineering (ICACE), Greater Noida, India.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICACE.2018.8686974"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2151","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2015.2497312","article-title":"Green internet of things for smart world","volume":"3","author":"Zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khezr, S., Moniruzzaman, M., Yassine, A., and Benlamri, R. (2019). Blockchain technology in healthcare: A comprehensive review and directions for future research. Appl. Sci., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/app9091736"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4179","DOI":"10.1002\/dac.4179","article-title":"Health care service delivery based on the Internet of things: A systematic and comprehensive study","volume":"33","author":"Usak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Commun. Syst."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2018.2824939","article-title":"Securing on-body IoT devices by exploiting creeping wave propagation","volume":"36","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Wouda, H.P.H. (2019). Blockchain in Office Building Transactions, Eindhoven University of Technology."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Dubey, H., Monteiro, A., Constant, N., Abtahi, M., Borthakur, D., Mahler, L., Sun, Y., Yang, Q., Akbar, U., and Mankodiya, K. (2017). Handbook of Large-Scale Distributed Computing in Smart Healthcare, Springer."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"2235","article-title":"An overview of patient\u2019s health status monitoring system based on internet of things (IoT)","volume":"Volume 114","author":"Kadhim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Handbook of Large-Scale Distributed Computing in Smart Healthcare"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"1","article-title":"Medical cyber-physical systems: A survey","volume":"Volume 42","author":"Dey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Handbook of Large-Scale Distributed Computing in Smart Healthcare"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1550147719851977","DOI":"10.1177\/1550147719851977","article-title":"An energy-efficient fog-to-cloud Internet of Medical Things architecture","volume":"15","author":"Tahir","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Distrib. Sens. Netw."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Okay, F.Y., and Ozdemir, S. (2018, January 10\u201312). A secure data aggregation protocol for fog computing based smart grids. Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE 12th International Conference on Compatibility, Power Electronics and Power Engineering (CPE-POWERENG 2018), Doha, Qatar.","DOI":"10.1109\/CPE.2018.8372598"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6171","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2016.2613278","article-title":"Mobile cloud computing model and big data analysis for healthcare applications","volume":"4","author":"Mehmood","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2017.2771153","article-title":"A comprehensive survey on fog computing: State-of-the-art and research challenges","volume":"20","author":"Mouradian","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8682","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2705644","article-title":"Sensor fault classification based on support vector machine and statistical time-domain features","volume":"5","author":"Jan","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"3","article-title":"The internet of things in healthcare: An overview","volume":"1","author":"Yuehong","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Ind. Inf. Integr."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1080\/10580530.2020.1746982","article-title":"Exploratory analysis of internet of things (IoT) in healthcare: A topic modelling & co-citation approaches","volume":"38","author":"Dantu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inf. Syst. Manag."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2017.09.002","article-title":"Survey on fog computing: Architecture, key technologies, applications and open issues","volume":"98","author":"Hu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Netw. Comput. Appl."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fog computing for the internet of things: A survey","volume":"19","author":"Puliafito","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Netw. Comput. Appl."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.telpol.2012.04.011","article-title":"Privacy and security issues in cloud computing: The role of institutions and institutional evolution","volume":"37","author":"Kshetri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Telecommun. Policy"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Engineer, M., Tusha, R., Shah, A., and Adhvaryu, K. (2019, January 7\u20138). Insight into the importance of fog computing in Internet of Medical Things (IoMT). Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference on Recent Advances in Energy-efficient Computing and Communication (ICRAECC), Nagercoil, India.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRAECC43874.2019.8994985"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3341104","article-title":"Efficient and privacy-preserving fog-assisted health data sharing scheme","volume":"10","author":"Tang","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Intell. Syst. Technol. TIST"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1948","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2020.2995228","article-title":"Enabling privacy-assured fog-based data aggregation in E-healthcare systems","volume":"17","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Inform."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2014.11.008","article-title":"Security, privacy and trust in Internet of Things: The road ahead","volume":"76","author":"Sicari","year":"2015","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2017.2726820","article-title":"Identifying the most valuable workers in fog-assisted spatial crowdsourcing","volume":"4","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2016.11.033","article-title":"A lightweight multi-layer authentication protocol for wireless body area networks","volume":"78","author":"Shen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Future Gener. Comput. Syst."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2018.11.026","article-title":"A survey on internet of things security from data perspectives","volume":"148","author":"Hou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1007\/s10209-018-0618-4","article-title":"The application of internet of things in healthcare: A systematic literature review and classification","volume":"18","author":"Ahmadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Univers. Access Inf. Soc."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9206","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2704100","article-title":"Fog computing in healthcare\u2014A review and discussion","volume":"5","author":"Kraemer","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"Suhardi, R.A. (2016). Information Science and Applications (ICISA), Springer."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18345","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2817921","article-title":"A survey on network security-related data collection technologies, special section on internet of things big datatrust management","volume":"6","author":"Lin","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"Zhang, H., Shi, Y., and Qiu, B. (2020). Complex Intelligent Systems, Springer."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2011.040310.00002","article-title":"Computational Intelligence in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey","volume":"1","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"773","article-title":"Swarm intelligence in wireless sensor networks: A survey","volume":"101","author":"Sarobin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Pure Appl. Math."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcss.2011.10.017","article-title":"Energy efficient ant colony algorithms for data aggregation in wireless sensor networks","volume":"78","author":"Lin","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Comput. Syst. Sci."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-wss.2011.0146","article-title":"Optimal data aggregation tree in wireless sensor networks based on intelligent water drops algorithm","volume":"2","author":"Hoang","year":"2012","journal-title":"IET Wirel. Sens. Syst."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11083","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-021-03712-9","article-title":"Deep learning-based algorithm for vehicle detection in intelligent transportation systems","volume":"77","author":"Qiu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Supercomput."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/s13042-013-0195-z","article-title":"An artificial bee colony algorithm for data collection path planning in sparse wireless sensor networks","volume":"6","author":"Chang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Mach. Learn. Cybern."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"3","article-title":"Rectifier nonlinearities improve neural network acoustic models","volume":"30","author":"Maas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Mach. Learn. Cybern."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-015-3092-9","article-title":"Data aggregation in wireless sensor network using shuffled frog algorithm","volume":"90","author":"Abirami","year":"2016","journal-title":"Wirel. Pers. Commun."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang, C., and Yang, N. (2022). CoDA: Collaborative Data Aggregation in Emerging Sensor Networks Using Bio-Level Voronoi Diagrams. Sensors, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/s16081235"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-021-03890-6","article-title":"F-LEACH: A fuzzy-based data aggregation scheme for healthcare IoT systems","volume":"78","author":"Sajedi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Supercomput."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1678","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-014-1241-7","article-title":"New data aggregation approach for time-constrained wireless sensor networks","volume":"71","author":"Abid","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Supercomput."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1007\/s12083-020-00890-w","article-title":"An energy aware clustering and data gathering technique based on nature inspired optimization in WSNs","volume":"12","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Peer-to-Peer Netw. Appl."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpro.2022.104602","article-title":"AE-LEACH: An Incremental Clustering Approach for Reducing the Energy Consumption in WSN","volume":"93","author":"Babu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microprocess. Microsyst."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2022.117334","article-title":"An energy efficient cluster based hybrid optimization algorithm with static sink and mobile sink node for Wireless Sensor Networks","volume":"203","author":"Amutha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yan, X., Huang, C., Gan, J., and Wu, X. (2022). Game theory-based energy-efficient clustering algorithm for wireless sensor networks. Expert Syst. Appl., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/s22020478"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shukla, P., Sharma, V., and Pughat, A. (2017). Energy-Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks, CRC Press.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781315155470"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3615","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2018.2841369","article-title":"A two-tier distributed fuzzy logic based protocol for efficient data aggregation in multihop wireless sensor networks","volume":"26","author":"Sert","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2840","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-com.2019.1005","article-title":"Grid clustering and fuzzy reinforcement-learning based energy-efficient data aggregation scheme for distributed WSN","volume":"14","author":"Vikas","year":"2020","journal-title":"IET Commun."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1007\/s12083-021-01116-3","article-title":"A hierarchical secure data aggregation method using the dragonfly algorithm in wireless sensor networks","volume":"14","author":"Yousefpoor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Peer-to-Peer Netw. Appl."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2022.108517","article-title":"An Efficient QoS-Based Multi-Path Routing Scheme for Smart Healthcare Monitoring in Wireless Body Area Networks","volume":"109","author":"Mehmood","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comput. Electr. Eng."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103042","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2022.103042","article-title":"A new energy-efficient and temperature-aware routing protocol based on fuzzy logic for multi-WBANs","volume":"139","author":"Javaheri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ad Hoc Netw."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2023.3239395","article-title":"KEdge: Fuzzy-Based Multi-AI Model Coalescence Solution for Mobile Healthcare System","volume":"17","author":"Misra","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Syst. J."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSE.2022.3218313","article-title":"A DQN-Based Frame Aggregation and Task Offloading Approach for Edge-Enabled IoMT","volume":"10","author":"Yuan","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Netw. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1080\/03772063.2018.1464966","article-title":"Optimal partial aggregation based energy delay compromise technique for wireless sensor network","volume":"65","author":"Yaashuwanth","year":"2019","journal-title":"IETE J. Res."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2983","DOI":"10.1007\/s11276-020-02254-x","article-title":"Data gathering via mobile sink in WSNs using game theory and enhanced ant colony optimization","volume":"26","author":"Raj","year":"2020","journal-title":"Wirel. Netw."},{"key":"ref_66","unstructured":"Vasavada, T.M. (2018). Distributed TDMA Scheduling in Tree Based Wireless Sensor Networks with Multiple Data Attributes and Multiple Sinks. [Ph.D. Thesis, Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information and Communication Technology]."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2020.106115","article-title":"A new fuzzy multi-hop clustering protocol with automatic rule tuning for wireless sensor networks","volume":"89","author":"Fanian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Soft Comput."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/23\/18\/7799\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:48:42Z","timestamp":1760129322000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/23\/18\/7799"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["s23187799"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s23187799","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]]}}}