{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T01:36:20Z","timestamp":1773020180272,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]],"date-time":"2023-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the critical need for rapid and accurate screening and diagnostic methods for potential respiratory viruses. Existing COVID-19 diagnostic approaches face limitations either in terms of turnaround time or accuracy. In this study, we present an electrochemical biosensor that offers nearly instantaneous and precise SARS-CoV-2 detection, suitable for point-of-care and environmental monitoring applications. The biosensor employs a stapled hACE-2 N-terminal alpha helix peptide to functionalize an in situ grown polypyrrole conductive polymer on a nitrocellulose membrane backbone through a chemical process. We assessed the biosensor\u2019s analytical performance using heat-inactivated omicron and delta variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in artificial saliva (AS) and nasal swab (NS) samples diluted in a strong ionic solution, as well as clinical specimens with known Ct values. Virus identification was achieved through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and frequency analyses. The assay demonstrated a limit of detection (LoD) of 40 TCID50\/mL, with 95% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Notably, the biosensor exhibited no cross-reactivity when tested against the influenza virus. The entire testing process using the biosensor takes less than a minute. In summary, our biosensor exhibits promising potential in the battle against pandemic respiratory viruses, offering a platform for the development of rapid, compact, portable, and point-of-care devices capable of multiplexing various viruses. The biosensor has the capacity to significantly bolster our readiness and response to future viral outbreaks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23188000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]],"date-time":"2023-09-20T22:38:45Z","timestamp":1695249525000},"page":"8000","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Development and Analytical Evaluation of a Point-of-Care Electrochemical Biosensor for Rapid and Accurate SARS-CoV-2 Detection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Mesfin","family":"Meshesha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Opteev Technologies Inc., Baltimore, MD 21225, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anik","family":"Sardar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Laboratory, Opteev Healthtech, GN-4, Sector-V, Kolkata 700091, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruchi","family":"Supekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Laboratory, Opteev Healthtech, GN-4, Sector-V, Kolkata 700091, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lopamudra","family":"Bhattacharjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Laboratory, Opteev Healthtech, GN-4, Sector-V, Kolkata 700091, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soumyo","family":"Chatterjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Laboratory, Opteev Healthtech, GN-4, Sector-V, Kolkata 700091, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nyancy","family":"Halder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Laboratory, Opteev Healthtech, GN-4, Sector-V, Kolkata 700091, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kallol","family":"Mohanta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Laboratory, Opteev Healthtech, GN-4, Sector-V, Kolkata 700091, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tarun Kanti","family":"Bhattacharyya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Electrical Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Biplab","family":"Pal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Opteev Technologies Inc., Baltimore, MD 21225, USA"},{"name":"Research and Development Laboratory, Opteev Healthtech, GN-4, Sector-V, Kolkata 700091, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00028-20","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00028-20","article-title":"Coronavirus Disease 2019\u2013COVID-19","volume":"33","author":"Dhama","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. 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