{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T14:39:07Z","timestamp":1781966347730,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]],"date-time":"2023-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695254400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shenzhen\u2013Hong Kong\u2013Macao Science and Technology Project Fund","award":["SGDX20210823103403028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SGDX20210823103403028"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen\u2013Hong Kong\u2013Macao Science and Technology Project Fund","award":["P0045769"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P0045769"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen\u2013Hong Kong\u2013Macao Science and Technology Project Fund","award":["P0038546"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P0038546"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen\u2013Hong Kong\u2013Macao Science and Technology Project Fund","award":["P0042959"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P0042959"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen\u2013Hong Kong\u2013Macao Science and Technology Project Fund","award":["58000-31610013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["58000-31610013"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen\u2013Hong Kong\u2013Macao Science and Technology Project Fund","award":["9610406"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9610406"]}]},{"name":"The Hong Kong Polytechnic University","award":["SGDX20210823103403028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SGDX20210823103403028"]}]},{"name":"The Hong Kong Polytechnic University","award":["P0045769"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P0045769"]}]},{"name":"The Hong Kong Polytechnic University","award":["P0038546"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P0038546"]}]},{"name":"The Hong Kong Polytechnic University","award":["P0042959"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P0042959"]}]},{"name":"The Hong Kong Polytechnic University","award":["58000-31610013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["58000-31610013"]}]},{"name":"The Hong Kong Polytechnic University","award":["9610406"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9610406"]}]},{"name":"Sun Yat-sen University","award":["SGDX20210823103403028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SGDX20210823103403028"]}]},{"name":"Sun Yat-sen University","award":["P0045769"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P0045769"]}]},{"name":"Sun Yat-sen University","award":["P0038546"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P0038546"]}]},{"name":"Sun Yat-sen University","award":["P0042959"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P0042959"]}]},{"name":"Sun Yat-sen University","award":["58000-31610013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["58000-31610013"]}]},{"name":"Sun Yat-sen University","award":["9610406"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9610406"]}]},{"name":"City University of Hong Kong","award":["SGDX20210823103403028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SGDX20210823103403028"]}]},{"name":"City University of Hong Kong","award":["P0045769"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P0045769"]}]},{"name":"City University of Hong Kong","award":["P0038546"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P0038546"]}]},{"name":"City University of Hong Kong","award":["P0042959"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P0042959"]}]},{"name":"City University of Hong Kong","award":["58000-31610013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["58000-31610013"]}]},{"name":"City University of Hong Kong","award":["9610406"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9610406"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Routine assessments of gait and balance have been recognized as an effective approach for preventing falls by issuing early warnings and implementing appropriate interventions. However, current limited public healthcare resources cannot meet the demand for continuous monitoring of deteriorations in gait and balance. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate the feasibility of a prototype surrogate system driven by sensor technology and multi-sourced heterogeneous data analytics, for gait and balance assessment and monitoring. The system was designed to analyze users\u2019 multi-mode data streams collected via inertial sensors and a depth camera while performing a 3-m timed up and go test, a five-times-sit-to-stand test, and a Romberg test, for predicting scores on clinical measurements by physiotherapists. Generalized regression of sensor data was conducted to build prediction models for gait and balance estimations. Demographic correlations with user acceptance behaviors were analyzed using ordinal logistic regression. Forty-four older adults (38 females) were recruited in this pilot study (mean age = 78.5 years, standard deviation [SD] = 6.2 years). The participants perceived that using the system for their gait and balance monitoring was a good idea (mean = 5.45, SD = 0.76) and easy (mean = 4.95, SD = 1.09), and that the system is useful in improving their health (mean = 5.32, SD = 0.83), is trustworthy (mean = 5.04, SD = 0.88), and has a good fit between task and technology (mean = 4.97, SD = 0.84). In general, the participants showed a positive intention to use the proposed system in their gait and balance management (mean = 5.22, SD = 1.10). Demographic correlations with user acceptance are discussed. This study provides preliminary evidence supporting the feasibility of using a sensor-technology-augmented system to manage the gait and balance of community-dwelling older adults. The intervention is validated as being acceptable, viable, and valuable.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23188008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]],"date-time":"2023-09-21T21:16:49Z","timestamp":1695331009000},"page":"8008","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Design of a Sensor-Technology-Augmented Gait and Balance Monitoring System for Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Hong Kong: A Pilot Feasibility Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1571-5394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisha","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Design, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaomao","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Big Data and Internet, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1652-8945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco Y. C.","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwok-Leung","family":"Tsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grado Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6668-7947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hailiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Design, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, L., Zhao, Y., Wang, H., Sun, T.-L., Murphy, T.E., and Tsui, K.-L. (2021). Assessing elderly\u2019s functional balance and mobility via analyzing data from waist-mounted tri-axial wearable accelerometers in timed up and go tests. BMC Med. Inform. Decis. Mak., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-021-01463-4"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"CD007146","article-title":"Interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community","volume":"9","author":"Gillespie","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.3138\/ptc.41.6.304","article-title":"Measuring balance in the elderly: Preliminary development of an instrument","volume":"41","author":"Berg","year":"1989","journal-title":"Physiother. Can."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12106","article-title":"Discriminative ability and predictive validity of the timed up and go test in identifying older people who fall: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"61","author":"Schoene","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.3109\/02703181.2015.1016646","article-title":"The Use of Five Repetition Sit to Stand Test to Assess Fall Risk in the Assisted Living Population","volume":"33","author":"Trommelen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phys. Occup. Ther. Geriatr."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Kim, S., Kim, M., Kim, N., Kim, S., and Han, G. (2012). Green and Smart Technology with Sensor Applications, Springer."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20080071","article-title":"The Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest) to Differentiate Balance Deficits","volume":"89","author":"Horak","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"(2023, August 09). Physiotherapists Board, List of Registrants. Available online: www.smp-council.org.hk\/pt\/en\/content.php?page=reg_reg."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, R., and Sosnoff, J.J. (2018). Novel sensing technology in fall risk assessment in older adults: A systematic review. BMC Geriatr., 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-018-0706-6"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghislieri, M., Gastaldi, L., Pastorelli, S., Tadano, S., and Agostini, V. (2019). Wearable inertial sensors to assess standing balance: A systematic review. Sensors, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/s19194075"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e30135","DOI":"10.2196\/30135","article-title":"Automatic recognition and analysis of balance activity in community-dwelling older adults: Algorithm validation","volume":"23","author":"Hsu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Colagiorgio, P., Romano, F., Sardi, F., Moraschini, M., Sozzi, A., Bejor, M., Ricevuti, G., Buizza, A., and Ramat, S. (2014, January 26\u201330). Affordable, automatic quantitative fall risk assessment based on clinical balance scales and Kinect data. Proceedings of the 2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Chicago, IL, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2014.6944377"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kargar, B.A.H., Mollahosseini, A., Struemph, T., Pace, W., Nielsen, R.D., and Mahoor, M.H. (2014, January 26\u201330). Automatic measurement of physical mobility in Get-Up-and-Go Test using Kinect sensor. Proceedings of the 2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Chicago, IL, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2014.6944375"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/82.2.128","article-title":"Age- and Gender-Related Test Performance in Community-Dwelling Elderly People: Six-Minute Walk Test, Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up & Go Test, and Gait Speeds","volume":"82","author":"Steffen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/80.9.896","article-title":"Predicting the probability for falls in community-dwelling older adults using the Timed Up & Go Test","volume":"80","author":"Brauer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barry, E., Galvin, R., Keogh, C., Horgan, F., and Fahey, T. (2014). Is the Timed Up and Go test a useful predictor of risk of falls in community dwelling older adults: A systematic review and meta- analysis. BMC Geriatr., 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-14-14"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2009.10.015","article-title":"Can an accelerometer enhance the utility of the Timed Up & Go Test when evaluating patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease?","volume":"32","author":"Weiss","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med. Eng. Phys."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"142","article-title":"Fall predictors in the community dwelling elderly: A cross sectional and prospective cohort study","volume":"10","author":"Sai","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Musculoskelet. Neuronal Interact."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2018.06.117","article-title":"The relationships between compensatory stepping thresholds and measures of gait, standing postural control, strength, and balance confidence in older women","volume":"65","author":"Crenshaw","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1097\/TGR.0000000000000145","article-title":"Use of the sharpened romberg as a screening for fall risk: A pilot study","volume":"33","author":"Gras","year":"2017","journal-title":"Top. Geriatr. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-49.3.32","article-title":"Reliability and validity evidence of multiple balance assessments in athletes with a concussion","volume":"49","author":"Murray","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Athl. Train."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20150391","article-title":"Validity, Reliability, and Ability to Identify Fall Status of the Berg Balance Scale, BESTest, Mini-BESTest, and Brief-BESTest in Patients With COPD","volume":"96","author":"Cruz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1519\/00139143-200508000-00003","article-title":"Balance in personal care home residents: A comparison of the Berg Balance Scale, the Multi-Directional Reach Test, and the Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale","volume":"28","author":"Beckman","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Geriatr. Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/86.2.195","article-title":"Developing a short form of the Berg Balance Scale for people with stroke","volume":"86","author":"Chou","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20120056","article-title":"Is the BESTest at its best? A suggested brief version based on interrater reliability, validity, internal consistency, and theoretical construct","volume":"92","author":"Padgett","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2017.2771383","article-title":"Wearable inertial sensors for fall risk assessment and prediction in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"Montesinos","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-0003-10-91","article-title":"Review of fall risk assessment in geriatric populations using inertial sensors","volume":"10","author":"Howcroft","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neuroeng. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3362","DOI":"10.3390\/s140203362","article-title":"Gait analysis methods: An overview of wearable and non-wearable systems, highlighting clinical applications","volume":"14","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2014.2331895","article-title":"Kinematic parameters to evaluate functional performance of sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit transitions using motion sensor devices: A systematic review","volume":"22","author":"Millor","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1109\/RBME.2015.2390646","article-title":"Toward automating clinical assessments: A survey of the timed up and go","volume":"8","author":"Sprint","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Rev. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-0003-10-7","article-title":"The harmonic ratio of trunk acceleration predicts falling among older people: Results of a 1-year prospective study","volume":"10","author":"Doi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neuroeng. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968313491004","article-title":"Does the evaluation of gait quality during daily life provide insight into fall risk? A novel approach using 3-day accelerometer recordings","volume":"27","author":"Weiss","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurorehabilit. Neural Repair"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1159\/000381804","article-title":"Kinect-Based Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand Test for Clinical and In-Home Assessment of Fall Risk in Older People","volume":"62","author":"Ejupi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Obdr\u017e\u00e1lek, \u0160., Kurillo, G., Ofli, F., Bajcsy, R., Seto, E., Jimison, H., and Pavel, M. (September, January 28). Accuracy and robustness of Kinect pose estimation in the context of coaching of elderly population. Proceedings of the 2012 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, San Diego, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2012.6346149"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1080\/00401706.1970.10488634","article-title":"Ridge regression: Biased estimation for nonorthogonal problems","volume":"12","author":"Hoerl","year":"1970","journal-title":"Technometrics"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1996.tb02080.x","article-title":"Regression shrinkage and selection via the lasso","volume":"58","author":"Tibshirani","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B Methodol."},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"Hong Kong Christian Service (2020, May 25). Elderly Core Business. Available online: http:\/\/www.hkcs.org\/en\/services\/ecb."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M28","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/50A.1.M28","article-title":"The activities-specific balance confidence (ABC) scale","volume":"50","author":"Powell","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. Ser. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1159\/000232589","article-title":"The validity, reliability and clinical utility of the Hong Kong Montreal Cognitive Assessment (HK-MoCA) in patients with cerebral small vessel disease","volume":"28","author":"Wong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fan, X., Zhao, Y., Wang, H., and Tsui, K.L. (2019). Forecasting one-day-forward wellness conditions for community-dwelling elderly with single lead short electrocardiogram signals. BMC Med. Inform. Decis. Mak., 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-019-1012-8"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00649","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.649","article-title":"Psychometric properties of Brief-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Brief-BESTest) in evaluating balance performance in individuals with chronic stroke","volume":"7","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Behav."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.35.8.982","article-title":"User acceptance of computer technology: A comparison of two theoretical models","volume":"35","author":"Davis","year":"1989","journal-title":"Manag. Sci."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2020.104156","article-title":"Understanding consumer acceptance of healthcare wearable devices: An integrated model of UTAUT and TTF","volume":"139","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Inform."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2015.1070549","article-title":"Investigating the Importance of Trust on Adopting an Autonomous Vehicle","volume":"31","author":"Choi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Hum. Comput. Interact."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.2307\/30036540","article-title":"User Acceptance of Information Technology: Toward a Unified View","volume":"27","author":"Venkatesh","year":"2003","journal-title":"MIS Q. Manag. Inf. Syst."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x","article-title":"The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: A Brief Screening Tool For Mild Cognitive Impairment","volume":"53","author":"Nasreddine","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4943(03)00082-7","article-title":"Predicting falls within the elderly community: Comparison of postural sway, reaction time, the Berg balance scale and the Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) scale for comparing fallers and non-fallers","volume":"38","author":"Lajoie","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.2307\/249008","article-title":"Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology","volume":"13","author":"Davis","year":"1989","journal-title":"MIS Q."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.technovation.2013.09.010","article-title":"Predictors of gerontechnology acceptance by older Hong Kong Chinese","volume":"34","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Technovation"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00055564","article-title":"Status quo bias in decision making","volume":"1","author":"Samuelson","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Risk Uncertain."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1007\/s00391-012-0407-2","article-title":"Assessing fall risk using wearable sensors: A practical discussion","volume":"45","author":"Shany","year":"2012","journal-title":"Z. Gerontol. Geriatr."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2011.2146246","article-title":"Sensors-based wearable systems for monitoring of human movement and falls","volume":"12","author":"Shany","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1109\/MEMB.2008.919494","article-title":"Quantitative evaluation of movement using the timed up-and-go test","volume":"27","author":"Higashi","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Mag."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2001.26256","article-title":"Symmetrical body-weight distribution training in stroke patients and its effect on fall prevention","volume":"82","author":"Cheng","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/66.11.1708","article-title":"Sit-to-stand movement pattern: A kinematic study","volume":"66","author":"Nuzik","year":"1986","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-51502010000100004","article-title":"Musculoskeletal biomechanics in sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit activities with stroke subjects: A systematic review","volume":"23","author":"Faria","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fisioter. Mov."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adusumilli, G., Lancia, S., Levasseur, V.A., Amblee, V., Orchard, M., Wagner, J.M., and Naismith, R.T. (2018). Turning is an important marker of balance confidence and walking limitation in persons with multiple sclerosis. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0198178"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/gls174","article-title":"Gait speed as a measure in geriatric assessment in clinical settings: A systematic review","volume":"68","author":"Peel","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. Ser. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2013.08.011","article-title":"Concurrent validity of the Microsoft Kinect for assessment of spatiotemporal gait variables","volume":"46","author":"Clark","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Springer, S., and Yogev Seligmann, G. (2016). Validity of the Kinect for Gait Assessment: A Focused Review. Sensors, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/s16020194"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-015-0006-8","article-title":"Instrumenting gait assessment using the Kinect in people living with stroke: Reliability and association with balance tests","volume":"12","author":"Clark","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neuroeng. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2015.06.008","article-title":"Comparative assessment of different methods for the estimation of gait temporal parameters using a single inertial sensor: Application to elderly, post-stroke, Parkinson\u2019s disease and Huntington\u2019s disease subjects","volume":"42","author":"Trojaniello","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2006.11.010","article-title":"Use of multiple wearable inertial sensors in upper limb motion tracking","volume":"30","author":"Zhou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med. Eng. Phys."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tunca, C., Pehlivan, N., Ak, N., Arnrich, B., Salur, G., and Ersoy, C. (2017). Inertial Sensor-Based Robust Gait Analysis in Non-Hospital Settings for Neurological Disorders. Sensors, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/s17040825"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.61.3.30","article-title":"Gait and Balance as Predictors and\/or Mediators of Falls in Glaucoma","volume":"61","author":"Mihailovic","year":"2020","journal-title":"Investig. Opthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1601705","article-title":"State of Telehealth","volume":"375","author":"Dorsey","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2013.0992","article-title":"Connected health: A review of technologies and strategies to improve patient care with telemedicine and telehealth","volume":"33","author":"Kvedar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Health Aff."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/23\/18\/8008\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:54:57Z","timestamp":1760129697000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/23\/18\/8008"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["s23188008"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s23188008","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]]}}}