{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T07:28:47Z","timestamp":1769758127385,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,22]],"date-time":"2023-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695340800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Arizona Cancer Center","award":["R01 AG062543"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AG062543"]}]},{"name":"University of Arizona Cancer Center","award":["R01 NS102220"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 NS102220"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health","award":["R01 AG062543"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AG062543"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health","award":["R01 NS102220"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 NS102220"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This pilot feasibility study aimed to evaluate the effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (CRCI), and we report here on the first patient. Background: Deleterious cognitive changes due to chemotherapy or CRCI are commonly referred to as \u201cchemo brain\u201d. With the increasing survival of cancer patients, this poorly understood and inadequately treated condition will likewise have an increasing toll on individuals and society. Since there is no approved treatment for chemo brain, we have initiated a therapeutic trial using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), a non-invasive brain stimulation technique approved in many countries for the treatment of neurologic and psychiatric conditions like migraine and depression. Case presentation: A 58-year-old woman, diagnosed 7 years prior with left breast cancer, underwent partial mastectomy with sentinel lymph node biopsy. She then received four cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy followed by radiation therapy. Afterwards, she was on tamoxifen for 4 years and then switched to aromatase inhibitors. The patient\u2019s CRCI started during chemotherapy and severely impaired her quality of life for an additional two years. In the third year after chemotherapy, the CRCI partially cleared to stabilize to the level at the time of presentation for this trial. The patient continues to have memory difficulties and decreased concentration, which makes multi-tasking very difficult to impossible. She is reliant on memory aids at work and at home. The participant underwent 10 consecutive sessions of TMS during weekdays for 2 weeks. Stimulation was directed to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. After TMS, the participant significantly improved in memory function on neuropsychological testing. While she reported no subjective differences in concentration or memory, she did report an improvement in her sleep. Functional magnetic resonance imaging of the brain before and after TMS showed increased resting-state functional connectivity between the stimulation site and several brain regions. Remarkably, after 6 years of chemo brain and remaining in the same position at work due to her inability to concentrate and multi-task, she applied for and received a promotion 5\u20136 months after her TMS treatments. Conclusions: This first patient in the phase 1 clinical trial testing of TMS for the treatment of \u201cchemo brain\u201d provided important lessons for feasibility and insights into mechanisms of potential benefit.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23198017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,22]],"date-time":"2023-09-22T05:32:45Z","timestamp":1695360765000},"page":"8017","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for the Treatment of Chemo Brain"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Phillip H.","family":"Kuo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medical Imaging, Medicine, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5053-7688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allison Yu-Chin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Imaging and TMS Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA"}]},{"given":"Rudolph J.","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80301, USA"}]},{"given":"Carol","family":"Stuehm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7953-2979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pavani","family":"Chalasani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology-Oncology, George Washington Cancer Center, Washington, DC 20037, USA"}]},{"given":"Nan-Kuei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA"}]},{"given":"Ying-Hui","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Imaging and TMS Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Evelyn F McKnight Brain Institute, Arizona Center on Aging, BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2010.04.021","article-title":"Either called \u201cchemobrain\u201d or \u201cchemofog\u201d, the long-term chemotherapy-induced cognitive decline in cancer survivors is real","volume":"41","author":"Argyriou","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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