{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T02:31:56Z","timestamp":1775874716903,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]],"date-time":"2023-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science Foundation (NSF)","award":["ERI 2138574"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERI 2138574"]}]},{"name":"National Science Foundation (NSF)","award":["1653584"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1653584"]}]},{"name":"Bentsen Endowment","award":["ERI 2138574"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERI 2138574"]}]},{"name":"Bentsen Endowment","award":["1653584"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1653584"]}]},{"name":"Rutgers University through the School of Engineering, the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, the Department of Biomedical Engineering, a Vice Chancellor for Research and Innovation VCRI","award":["ERI 2138574"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERI 2138574"]}]},{"name":"Rutgers University through the School of Engineering, the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, the Department of Biomedical Engineering, a Vice Chancellor for Research and Innovation VCRI","award":["1653584"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1653584"]}]},{"name":"NSF","award":["ERI 2138574"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERI 2138574"]}]},{"name":"NSF","award":["1653584"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1653584"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Paper-based biosensors are a potential paradigm of sensitivity achieved via microporous spreading\/microfluidics, simplicity, and affordability. In this paper, we develop decorated paper with graphene and conductive polymer (herein referred to as graphene conductive polymer paper-based sensor or GCPPS) for sensitive detection of biomolecules. Planetary mixing resulted in uniformly dispersed graphene and conductive polymer ink, which was applied to laser-cut Whatman filter paper substrates. Scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy showed strong attachment of conductive polymer-functionalized graphene to cellulose fibers. The GCPPS detected dopamine and cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-\u03b1), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in the ranges of 12.5\u2013400 \u00b5M, 0.005\u201350 ng\/mL, and 2 pg\/mL\u20132 \u00b5g\/mL, respectively, using a minute sample volume of 2 \u00b5L. The electrodes showed lower detection limits (LODs) of 3.4 \u00b5M, 5.97 pg\/mL, and 9.55 pg\/mL for dopamine, TNF-\u03b1, and IL-6 respectively, which are promising for rapid and easy analysis for biomarkers detection. Additionally, these paper-based biosensors were highly selective (no serpin A1 detection with IL-6 antibody) and were able to detect IL-6 antigen in human serum with high sensitivity and hence, the portable, adaptable, point-of-care, quick, minute sample requirement offered by our fabricated biosensor is advantageous to healthcare applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23198115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T07:50:26Z","timestamp":1695887426000},"page":"8115","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["A Facile Graphene Conductive Polymer Paper Based Biosensor for Dopamine, TNF-\u03b1, and IL-6 Detection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9510-4635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md Ashiqur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA"}]},{"given":"Ramendra Kishor","family":"Pal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hyderabad Campus, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India"}]},{"given":"Nazmul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Freeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA"}]},{"given":"Francois","family":"Berthiaume","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1565-7481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aaron","family":"Mazzeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7437-879X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Ashraf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn983","article-title":"Pathogenesis of Parkinson\u2019s disease: Dopamine, vesicles and \u03b1-synuclein","volume":"3","author":"Lotharius","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. 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