{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T05:58:57Z","timestamp":1773899937334,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,30]],"date-time":"2023-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696032000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"S\u00e4chsisches Staatsministerium f\u00fcr Wissenschaft, Kultur und Tourismus"},{"name":"Open Access Publication Funds of the HTWK Leipzig"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Wake-up receivers are gaining importance in power-aware wireless sensor networks, as they significantly reduce power consumption during RF reception, enabling asynchronous communication with low latency. However, the performance of wake-up receivers still lags behind that of off-the-shelf RF transceivers. There is a growing demand for higher sensitivity, enhanced reliability, and lower latency while maintaining the lowest power consumption. In this article, our goal is to advance the performance of wake-up receivers based on off-the-shelf components and low-frequency pattern matchers. Through a systematic investigation, we proposed multiple improvements aimed at enhancing wake-up receiver performance and reliability. We introduced an improved passive envelope detector and realized a wake-up receiver for the 868 MHz band, which achieves a power consumption of 5.71 \u03bcW and latency of 9.02 ms. Our proposed wake-up receiver is capable of detecting signals down to an average power level of \u221261.6 dBm. These achievements represent significant advancements compared to the existing state of research on wake-up receivers based on low-frequency pattern matchers. Recent articles have not been able to attain such improved values in signal detection, power consumption, and latency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23198188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T04:39:30Z","timestamp":1696221570000},"page":"8188","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["An Improved Wake-Up Receiver Based on the Optimization of Low-Frequency Pattern Matchers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2905-0648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Fromm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Smart Diagnostic and Online Monitoring, Leipzig University of Applied Sciences, W\u00e4chterstra\u00dfe 13, 04107 Leipzig, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7166-1266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olfa","family":"Kanoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Measurement and Sensor Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology, Reichenhainer Stra\u00dfe 70, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7038-8157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faouzi","family":"Derbel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smart Diagnostic and Online Monitoring, Leipzig University of Applied Sciences, W\u00e4chterstra\u00dfe 13, 04107 Leipzig, Germany"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2003.814918","article-title":"Sensor networks: Evolution, opportunities, and challenges","volume":"91","author":"Chong","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. 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