{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T12:31:05Z","timestamp":1770467465495,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696464000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea","award":["NRF-2022S1A5C2A04092269"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2022S1A5C2A04092269"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea","award":["23ZD1160"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23ZD1160"]}]},{"name":"Korean government","award":["NRF-2022S1A5C2A04092269"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2022S1A5C2A04092269"]}]},{"name":"Korean government","award":["23ZD1160"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23ZD1160"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Various elements, such as evolutions in IoT services resulting from sensoring by vehicle parts and advances in small communication technology devices, have significantly impacted the mass spread of mobility services that are provided to users in need of limited resources. In particular, business models are progressing away from one-off costs towards longer-term costs, as represented by shared services utilizing kick-boards or bicycles and subscription services for vehicle software. Advances in shared mobility services, as described, are calling for solutions that can enhance the reliability of data aggregated by users leveraging mobility services in the next-generation mobility areas. However, the mining process to renew status ensures continued network communication, and block creation demands high performance in the public block chain. Therefore, easing the mining process for state updates in public blockchains is a way to alleviate the high-performance process requirements of public blockchains. The proposed mechanism assigns token-based block creation authority instead of the mining method, which provides block creation authority to nodes that provide many resources. Blocks are created only by a group of participants with tokens, and after creation, tokens are updated and delivered to new nodes to form a new token group. Additionally, tokens are updated in each block after their initial creation, making it difficult to disguise the tokens and preventing resource-centered centralization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23198259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T09:14:22Z","timestamp":1696497262000},"page":"8259","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Proposal of a Token-Based Node Selection Mechanism for Node Distribution of Mobility IoT Blockchain Nodes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1009-3928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinsu","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Convergence Information Security, Graduate School, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6384-5324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eunsun","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Creative Education Base Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63294, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6555-3464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Byung-Gyu","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Artificial Intelligence Engineering, Sookmyung Women\u2019s University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4434-8933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Namje","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Convergence Information Security, Graduate School, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Creative Education Base Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63294, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Computer Education, Teachers College, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2584","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2017.2658662","article-title":"Overview of Environment Perception for Intelligent Vehicles","volume":"18","author":"Hao","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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