{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T15:16:52Z","timestamp":1761664612263,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696550400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003977","name":"Israel Science Foundation (ISF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1157\/20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1157\/20"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003977","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The G2019S-LRRK2 gene mutation is a common cause of hereditary Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD), associated with a higher frequency of the postural instability gait difficulty (PIGD) motor phenotype yet with preserved cognition. This study investigated neurophysiological changes during motor and cognitive tasks in PD patients with and without the G2019S-LRRK2 mutation. Methods: 33 iPD patients and 22 LRRK2-PD patients performed the visual Go\/NoGo task (VGNG) during sitting (single-task) and walking (dual-task) while wearing a 64-channel EEG cap. Event-related potentials (ERP) from Fz and Pz, specifically N200 and P300, were extracted and analyzed to quantify brain activity patterns. Results: The LRRK2-PD group performed better in the VGNG than the iPD group (group*task; p = 0.05). During Go, the iPD group showed reduced N2 amplitude and prolonged N2 latency during walking, whereas the LRRK2-PD group showed only shorter latency (group*task p = 0.027). During NoGo, opposite patterns emerged; the iPD group showed reduced N2 and increased P3 amplitudes during walking while the LRRK2-PD group demonstrated increased N2 and reduced P3 (N2: group*task, p = 0.010, P3: group*task, p = 0.012). Conclusions: The LRRK2-PD group showed efficient early cognitive processes, reflected by N2, resulting in greater neural synchronization and prominent ERPs. These processes are possibly the underlying mechanisms for the observed better cognitive performance as compared to the iPD group. As such, future applications of intelligent medical sensing should be capable of capturing these electrophysiological patterns in order to enhance motor\u2013cognitive functions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23198266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T08:29:12Z","timestamp":1696580952000},"page":"8266","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Differences in EEG Event-Related Potentials during Dual Task in Parkinson\u2019s Disease Carriers and Non-Carriers of the G2019S-LRRK2 Mutation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1907-8460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eden","family":"Shkury","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Early Markers of Neurodegeneration, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"}]},{"given":"Shani","family":"Danziger-Schragenheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Early Markers of Neurodegeneration, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel"},{"name":"Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"}]},{"given":"Zoya","family":"Katzir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Early Markers of Neurodegeneration, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"}]},{"given":"Yael","family":"Ezra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Early Markers of Neurodegeneration, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel"},{"name":"Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1482-8522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nir","family":"Giladi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Early Markers of Neurodegeneration, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"},{"name":"Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"}]},{"given":"Anat","family":"Mirelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Early Markers of Neurodegeneration, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"},{"name":"Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7370-5798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inbal","family":"Maidan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Early Markers of Neurodegeneration, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"},{"name":"Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6455","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2009.07344.x","article-title":"LRRK2 in Parkinson\u2019s disease: Genetic and clinical studies from patients","volume":"276","author":"Kumari","year":"2009","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-009-0303-0","article-title":"The LRRK2 G2019S mutation as the cause of Parkinson\u2019s disease in Ashkenazi Jews","volume":"116","author":"Thaler","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. 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