{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T22:03:26Z","timestamp":1770156206828,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696896000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NSERC CREATE","award":["497981"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["497981"]}]},{"name":"NSERC Canada Research Chairs program","award":["497981"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["497981"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Demand response (DR) has been studied widely in the smart grid literature, however, there is still a significant gap in approaches that address security, privacy, and robustness of settlement processes simultaneously. The need for security and robustness emerges as a vital property, as Internet of Things (IoT) devices become part of the smart grid; in the form of smart meters, home energy management systems (HEMSs), intelligent transformers, and so on. In this paper, we use energy blockchain to secure energy transactions among customers and the utility. In addition, we formulate a mixed-strategy stochastic game model to address uncertainties in DR contributions of agents and achieve optimal demand response decisions. This model utilizes the processing hardware of customers for block mining, stores customer DR agreements as distributed ledgers, and offers a smart contract and consensus algorithm for energy transaction validation. We use a real dataset of residential demand profiles and photovoltaic (PV) generation to validate the performance of the proposed scheme. The results show the impact of electric vehicle (EV) discharging and customer demand reduction on increasing the probability of successful block mining and improving customer profits. Moreover, the results demonstrate the security and robustness of our consensus algorithm for detecting malicious activities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23208352","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T10:23:42Z","timestamp":1696933422000},"page":"8352","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Secure and Robust Demand Response Using Stackelberg Game Model and Energy Blockchain"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5330-0109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikhak","family":"Samadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8698-6709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sushmita","family":"Ruj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2822-3399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henry","family":"Schriemer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6787-8457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melike","family":"Erol-Kantarci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar, P., Nikolovski, S., and Dong, Z. (2021). Internet of Energy Handbook, CRC Press.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003048343"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11685","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3131719","article-title":"Multiagent Bayesian deep reinforcement learning for microgrid energy management under communication failures","volume":"9","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11463","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3051323","article-title":"Privacy-preserving transactive energy management for IoT-aided smart homes via blockchain","volume":"8","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2011.2114678","article-title":"Wireless sensor networks for cost-efficient residential energy management in the smart grid","volume":"2","author":"Mouftah","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Smart Grid"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Razghandi, M., Zhou, H., Erol-Kantarci, M., and Turgut, D. (2023). Smart Home Energy Management: VAE-GAN synthetic dataset generator and Q-learning. arXiv, arXiv:2305.08885.","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2023.3288824"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"4248","article-title":"Aggregation and remuneration in demand response with a blockchain-based framework","volume":"56","author":"Gallo","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1093\/ce\/zkaa033","article-title":"Emergence of blockchain-technology application in peer-to-peer electrical-energy trading: A review","volume":"5","author":"Thukral","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clean Energy"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5517","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3047885","article-title":"A Permissioned Blockchain System to Reduce Peak Demand in Residential Communities via Energy Trading: A Real-World Case Study","volume":"9","author":"Saxena","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Johnson, E. (2020). Insight into the World of Blockchain by Cybrosys Technologies\u2014Cryptocurrency\u2014Bitcoin, Scribd."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2023.3280434","article-title":"EVSE Effectiveness in Multi-Unit Residential Buildings using Composite Optimization and Heuristic Search","volume":"early access","author":"Samadi","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Power Syst."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.segan.2023.101114","article-title":"Effective Self-Committed V2G for Residential Complexes","volume":"35","author":"Fattahi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sustain. Energy Grids Netw."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"87","article-title":"Empowering customers in electronic health (e\u2013health) through social customer relationship management","volume":"8","author":"Almunawar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Electron. Cust. Relatsh. Manag."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4640","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2874398","article-title":"Blockchain-based internet of vehicles: Distributed network architecture and performance analysis","volume":"6","author":"Jiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3454","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2019.2903172","article-title":"A survey and evaluation of the potentials of distributed ledger technology for peer-to-peer transactive energy exchanges in local energy markets","volume":"13","author":"Siano","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Syst. J."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4227","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2020.2990624","article-title":"Methods for flexible management of blockchain-based cryptocurrencies in electricity markets and smart grids","volume":"11","author":"Ghorbanian","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Smart Grid"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asgaonkar, A., and Krishnamachari, B. (2019, January 14\u201317). Solving the buyer and seller\u2019s dilemma: A dual-deposit escrow smart contract for provably cheat-proof delivery and payment for a digital good without a trusted mediator. Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency (ICBC), Seoul, Republic of Korea.","DOI":"10.1109\/BLOC.2019.8751482"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Julie, E., Nayahi, J., and Jhanjhi, N. (2020). Blockchain Technology: Fundamentals, Applications, and Case Studies, CRC Press.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003004998"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dedeoglu, V., Jurdak, R., Putra, G.D., Dorri, A., and Kanhere, S. (2019, January 12\u201314). A trust architecture for blockchain in IoT. Proceedings of the 16th EAI International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Systems: Computing, Networking and Services, Houston, TX, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/3360774.3360822"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpdc.2019.08.005","article-title":"LSB: A Lightweight Scalable Blockchain for IoT security and anonymity","volume":"134","author":"Dorri","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Parallel Distrib. Comput."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2906","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2019.2894944","article-title":"Toward secure blockchain-enabled internet of vehicles: Optimizing consensus management using reputation and contract theory","volume":"68","author":"Kang","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90379","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3091327","article-title":"Data Trust Framework Using Blockchain Technology and Adaptive Transaction Validation","volume":"9","author":"Rouhani","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47615","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2909924","article-title":"A survey on blockchain: A game theoretical perspective","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Hassan, M., Rehmani, M., and Chen, J. (2021). VPT: Privacy Preserving Energy Trading and Block Mining Mechanism for Blockchain based Virtual Power Plants. arXiv."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moniruzzaman, M., Yassine, A., and Benlamri, R. (2019, January 6\u20139). Blockchain-based mechanisms for local energy trading in smart grids. Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE 16th International Conference on Smart Cities: Improving Quality of Life Using ICT & IoT and AI (HONET-ICT), Charlotte, NC, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/HONET.2019.8908024"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1109\/TSC.2019.2962677","article-title":"GUARDIAN: Blockchain-based secure demand response management in smart grid system","volume":"13","author":"Jindal","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Serv. Comput."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Chatterjee, K., Goharshady, A., Ibsen-Jensen, R., and Velner, Y. (2018). Ergodic mean-payoff games for the analysis of attacks in crypto-currencies. arXiv."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sapirshtein, A., Sompolinsky, Y., and Zohar, A. (2016, January 22\u201326). Optimal selfish mining strategies in bitcoin. Proceedings of the International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security, Christ Church, Barbados.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-54970-4_30"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25727","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2900356","article-title":"Game-theoretic approaches applied to transactions in the open and ever-growing electricity markets from the perspective of power demand response: An overview","volume":"7","author":"Cheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2210","DOI":"10.1111\/itor.12944","article-title":"Multiagent systems for modeling the information game in a financial market","volume":"30","author":"Mrad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. Trans. Oper. Res."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dong, C., Wang, Y., Aldweesh, A., McCorry, P., and van Moorsel, A. (November, January 30). Betrayal, distrust, and rationality: Smart counter-collusion contracts for verifiable cloud computing. Proceedings of the 2017 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security, Dallas, TX, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/3133956.3134032"},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"Bigi, G., Bracciali, A., Meacci, G., and Tuosto, E. (2015). Programming Languages with Applications to Biology and Security, Springer."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.5195\/ledger.2017.96","article-title":"Bitcoin mining as a contest","volume":"2","author":"Dimitri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ledger"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059","article-title":"When blockchain meets smart grids: A comprehensive survey","volume":"2","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"High-Confid. Comput."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"879","article-title":"A real-time demand-response algorithm for smart grids: A stackelberg game approach","volume":"7","author":"Yu","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Smart Grid"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2014.2367494","article-title":"Game-theoretic frameworks for demand response in electricity markets","volume":"6","author":"Nekouei","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Smart Grid"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ba\u015far, T., and Jan Olsder, G. (1998). Dynamic Non-Cooperative Game Theory, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics. [2nd ed.].","DOI":"10.1137\/1.9781611971132"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2020.115239","article-title":"Electricity trading pricing among prosumers with game theory-based model in energy blockchain environment","volume":"271","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Energy"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2022.124318","article-title":"How can the dynamic game be integrated into blockchain-based distributed energy resources multi-agent transactions for decision-making?","volume":"254","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bai, F., Zhang, C., and Zhang, X. (2023). Intelligent optimal demand response implemented by blockchain and cooperative game in microgrids. Int. Trans. Oper. Res., early view.","DOI":"10.1111\/itor.13296"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pradhan, N., Singh, A., Sudha, S., Reddy, K., and Roy, D. (2023). Performance Evaluation and Cyberattack Mitigation in a Blockchain-Enabled Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading Framework. Sensors, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/s23020670"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mitrea, D., Cioara, T., and Anghel, I. (2023). Privacy-Preserving Computation for Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading on a Public Blockchain. Sensors, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/s23104640"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2020.09.016","article-title":"Toward blockchain-based renewable energy microgrid design considering default risk and demand uncertainty","volume":"163","author":"Tsao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Renew. Energy"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Samadi, M., Schriemer, H., Ruj, S., and Erol-Kantarci, M. (2021, January 25\u201328). Energy Blockchain for Demand Response and Distributed Energy Resource Management. Proceedings of the 2021 IEEE 12th International Conference on Communications, Control, and Computing Technologies for Smart Grids (IEEESmartGridComm), Aachen, Germany.","DOI":"10.1109\/SmartGridComm51999.2021.9632326"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4194","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2020.3044890","article-title":"Blockev: Efficient and secure charging station selection for electric vehicles","volume":"22","author":"Danish","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.1976.1055638","article-title":"New directions in cryptography","volume":"22","author":"Diffie","year":"1976","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11830","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.3002969","article-title":"Reputation-Based Coalition Formation for Secure Self-Organized and Scalable Sharding in IoT Blockchains With Mobile-Edge Computing","volume":"7","author":"Asheralieva","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4660","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2875542","article-title":"Blockchain for secure and efficient data sharing in vehicular edge computing and networks","volume":"6","author":"Kang","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chatterjee, B. (2009, January 14\u201315). An optimization formulation to compute Nash equilibrium in finite games. Proceedings of the 2009 Proceeding of International Conference on Methods and Models in Computer Science (ICM2CS), New Delhi, India.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICM2CS.2009.5397970"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1109\/59.982209","article-title":"An empirical study of applied game theory: Transmission constrained Cournot behavior","volume":"17","author":"Cunningham","year":"2002","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Power Syst."},{"key":"ref_50","unstructured":"Korzhyk, D., Conitzer, V., and Parr, R. (2011, January 2\u20136). Solving Stackelberg games with uncertain observability. Proceedings of the International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems (AAMAS), Taipei, Taiwan."},{"key":"ref_51","unstructured":"Marecki, J., Tesauro, G., and Segal, R. (2012, January 4\u20138). Playing repeated stackelberg games with unknown opponents. Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, Valencia, Spain."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1007\/s11229-015-0927-6","article-title":"On Stackelberg mixed strategies","volume":"193","author":"Conitzer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Synthese"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2020.102262","article-title":"An Energy Internet DERMS Platform using a Multi-level Stackelberg Game","volume":"60","author":"Fattahi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sustain. Cities Soc."},{"key":"ref_54","unstructured":"Norton, W.W. (2008). Strategy: An Introduction to Game Theory, Numerade."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1215\/S0012-7094-41-00838-4","article-title":"A generalization of Brouwer\u2019s fixed point theorem","volume":"8","author":"Kakutani","year":"1941","journal-title":"Duke Math. J."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arora, R. (2015). Optimization: Algorithms and Applications, CRC Press.","DOI":"10.1201\/b18469"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4708","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2022.3153516","article-title":"Stochastic Demand Response Management Using Mixed-Strategy Stackelberg Game","volume":"16","author":"Samadi","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Syst. J."},{"key":"ref_58","unstructured":"Tadelis, S. (2013). Game Theory: An Introduction, Princeton University Press."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Douceur, J. (2002, January 7\u20138). The sybil attack. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Peer-To-Peer Systems, Cambridge, MA, USA.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45748-8_24"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2016.2548426","article-title":"A survey of man in the middle attacks","volume":"18","author":"Conti","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96538","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3205019","article-title":"A comprehensive review of denial of service attacks in blockchain ecosystem and open challenges","volume":"10","author":"Chaganti","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Maio, V., Uriarte, R., and Brandic, I. (2019, January 2\u20135). Energy and profit-aware proof-of-stake offloading in blockchain-based vanets. Proceedings of the 12th IEEE\/ACM International Conference on Utility and Cloud Computing, Auckland, New Zealand.","DOI":"10.1145\/3344341.3368797"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O\u2019Dwyer, K., and Malone, D. (2014, January 26\u201327). Bitcoin mining and its energy footprint. Proceedings of the 25th IET Irish Signals & Systems Conference (ISSC\u201914), Limerick, Ireland.","DOI":"10.1049\/cp.2014.0699"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3253","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2020.3007657","article-title":"Compensation for power loss by a Proof-of-Stake consortium blockchain microgrid","volume":"17","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Inform."},{"key":"ref_65","unstructured":"Sedlmeir, J., Buhl, H., Fridgen, G., and Keller, R. (2021). Recent Developments in Blockchain Technology and their Impact on Energy Consumption. arXiv."},{"key":"ref_66","unstructured":"(2023, July 26). SUNLAB Group at University of Ottawa Photovoltaic Testing at Ottawa Region. Available online: http:\/\/sunlab.eecs.uottawa.ca\/facilities\/solar-test-sites\/."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/23\/20\/8352\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:03:59Z","timestamp":1760130239000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/23\/20\/8352"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["s23208352"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s23208352","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]]}}}