{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T18:55:57Z","timestamp":1776279357831,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697068800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62104085"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62104085"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JSSCTD202146"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JSSCTD202146"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Innovation\/Entrepreneurship Program of Jiangsu Province","award":["62104085"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62104085"]}]},{"name":"Innovation\/Entrepreneurship Program of Jiangsu Province","award":["JSSCTD202146"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JSSCTD202146"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>PbS films grown on quartz substrates by the chemical bath deposition method were annealed in an O2 atmosphere to investigate the role of oxygen in the sensitization process at different annealing temperatures. The average grain size of the PbS films gradually increased as the annealing temperature increased from 400 \u00b0C to 700 \u00b0C. At an annealing temperature of 650 \u00b0C, the photoresponsivity and detectivity reached 1.67 A W\u22121 and 1.22 \u00d7 1010 cm Hz1\/2 W\u22121, respectively. The role of oxides in the sensitization process was analyzed in combination with X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy results, and a three-dimensional network model of the sensitization mechanism of PbS films was proposed. During the annealing process, O functioned as a p-type impurity, forming p+-type PbS layers with high hole concentrations on the surface and between the PbS grains. As annealing proceeds, the p+-type PbS layers at the grain boundaries interconnect to form a three-dimensional network structure of hole transport channels, while the unoxidized p-type PbS layers act as electron transport channels. Under bias, photogenerated electron\u2013hole pairs were efficiently separated by the formed p+-p charge separation junction, thereby reducing electron\u2013hole recombination and facilitating a higher infrared response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23208413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T14:22:17Z","timestamp":1697120537000},"page":"8413","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["High Detectivity of PbS Films Deposited on Quartz Substrates: The Role of Enhanced Photogenerated Carrier Separation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0387-2483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Quanjiang","family":"Lv","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Intelligent Agricultural Machinery and Equipment, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rongfan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liangchao","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhenyu","family":"Huan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingyang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haohua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guiwu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guanjun","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junlin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Intelligent Agricultural Machinery and Equipment, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2010.06.062","article-title":"Synthesis of star-shaped PbS nanocrystals using single-source precursor","volume":"507","author":"Sobhani","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. 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