{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T19:16:06Z","timestamp":1787858166082,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,16]],"date-time":"2023-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"British Scoliosis Research Foundation","award":["2-10-28"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2-10-28"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: Frequent exposure to ionising radiation is often used to determine the diagnosis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), a lateral curvature of the spine in those aged between 10 and 18 years, and a treatment plan according to Cobb angle. This narrative review outlines the clinical utility of surface topography (ST), a radiation-free imaging modality. (2) Methods: Publicly available databases were searched to yield literature related to ST. Identified articles were classified based on the equipment used and in order of how it was developed, i.e., historical, recent developments, and state-of-the-art developments. (3) Conclusions: ST is a reliable cost-effective non-invasive technique that provides an alternative to radiation-based imaging to aid with the diagnosis and potential screening of AIS. Several scanning methods are available, which allows ST to be used in several clinical environments. Limitations of inter-reliability and differences of apparatus resulting in variations of data have been noted through this narrative review.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23208485","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,16]],"date-time":"2023-10-16T01:31:22Z","timestamp":1697419882000},"page":"8485","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Non-Invasive Assessment of Back Surface Topography: Technologies, Techniques and Clinical Utility"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2305-3132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bhavna","family":"Mehta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Biomechanics and Rehabilitation Technologies, Staffordshire University, Stoke on Trent ST4 2DF, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7072-1271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nachiappan","family":"Chockalingam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Biomechanics and Rehabilitation Technologies, Staffordshire University, Stoke on Trent ST4 2DF, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Shannon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Biomechanics and Rehabilitation Technologies, Staffordshire University, Stoke on Trent ST4 2DF, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7065-8401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikola","family":"Jevtic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ScolioCentar, Novisad, 403916 Novi Sad, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filip","family":"Lazic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ScolioCentar, Novisad, 403916 Novi Sad, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6094-3180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vinay","family":"Jasani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Biomechanics, University Hospitals of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke on Trent ST4 6QG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1428-6225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Eddison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Biomechanics and Rehabilitation Technologies, Staffordshire University, Stoke on Trent ST4 2DF, UK"},{"name":"Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton WV10 0QP, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aoife","family":"Healy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Biomechanics and Rehabilitation Technologies, Staffordshire University, Stoke on Trent ST4 2DF, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Needham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Biomechanics and Rehabilitation Technologies, Staffordshire University, Stoke on Trent ST4 2DF, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1209063","article-title":"Idiopathic Scoliosis in Adolescents","volume":"368","author":"Hresko","year":"2013","journal-title":"N. 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