{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:38:18Z","timestamp":1760150298733,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Science Basic Research Project of the Shaanxi Provincial Department of Science and Technology","award":["2022JQ-677"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022JQ-677"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Due to high maneuverability as well as hardware limitations of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) platforms, tracking targets in UAV views often encounter challenges such as low resolution, fast motion, and background interference, which make it difficult to strike a compatibility between performance and efficiency. Based on the Siamese network framework, this paper proposes a novel UAV tracking algorithm, SiamHSFT, aiming to achieve a balance between tracking robustness and real-time computation. Firstly, by combining CBAM attention and downward information interaction in the feature enhancement module, the provided method merges high-level and low-level feature maps to prevent the loss of information when dealing with small targets. Secondly, it focuses on both long and short spatial intervals within the affinity in the interlaced sparse attention module, thereby enhancing the utilization of global context and prioritizing crucial information in feature extraction. Lastly, the Transformer\u2019s encoder is optimized with a modulation enhancement layer, which integrates triplet attention to enhance inter-layer dependencies and improve target discrimination. Experimental results demonstrate SiamHSFT\u2019s excellent performance across diverse datasets, including UAV123, UAV20L, UAV123@10fps, and DTB70. Notably, it performs better in fast motion and dynamic blurring scenarios. Meanwhile, it maintains an average tracking speed of 126.7 fps across all datasets, meeting real-time tracking requirements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23218666","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T11:39:04Z","timestamp":1698147544000},"page":"8666","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["SiamHSFT: A Siamese Network-Based Tracker with Hierarchical Sparse Fusion and Transformer for UAV Tracking"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Xiuhua","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi\u2019an Technological University, Xi\u2019an 710021, China"},{"name":"State and Provincial Joint Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Network, Monitoring and Control, Xi\u2019an 710021, China"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi\u2019an Technological University, Xi\u2019an 710021, China"},{"name":"State and Provincial Joint Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Network, Monitoring and Control, Xi\u2019an 710021, China"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Hui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi\u2019an Technological University, Xi\u2019an 710021, China"},{"name":"State and Provincial Joint Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Network, Monitoring and Control, Xi\u2019an 710021, China"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi\u2019an Technological University, Xi\u2019an 710021, China"},{"name":"State and Provincial Joint Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Network, Monitoring and Control, Xi\u2019an 710021, China"}]},{"given":"Shijie","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi\u2019an Technological University, Xi\u2019an 710021, China"},{"name":"State and Provincial Joint Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Network, Monitoring and Control, Xi\u2019an 710021, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Held, D., Thrun, S., and Savarese, S. 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