{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T16:22:58Z","timestamp":1780762978419,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]],"date-time":"2023-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698192000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013061","name":"Jilin Scientific and Technological Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["YDZJ202301ZYTS419"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YDZJ202301ZYTS419"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper describes the design of a low-noise, high-speed readout-integrated circuit for use in InGaAs infrared focal plane arrays, and analyzes the working principle and noise index of the pixel circuit in detail. The design fully considers the dynamic range, noise, and power consumption of the pixel circuit in which a capacitance transimpedance amplifier structure is adopted as the input stage circuit, and chip fabrication via an XFAB 0.18 \u00b5m CMOS process is successfully realized. The ROIC adopts monolithic integration and implements various functions, such as windowing, subsampling, and different integration and readout modes. The ROIC reached an array scale of 32 \u00d7 32, a frame rate of 100 Hz, and a readout rate of 20 Mbps with an analog power consumption of less than 52 mW. The measurement results show that the input reference noise can be reduced to 143 e- via the CDS, and the fully customized scheme has certain advantages in the research of high-performance ROICs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23218715","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]],"date-time":"2023-10-25T09:54:08Z","timestamp":1698227648000},"page":"8715","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Design of a Low-Noise, High-Speed Readout-Integrated Circuit for Infrared Focal Plane Arrays"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Yusong","family":"Mu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Comprehensive Energy Saving of Cold Regions Architecture of Ministry of Education, College of Electronic and Computer, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zilong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Comprehensive Energy Saving of Cold Regions Architecture of Ministry of Education, College of Electronic and Computer, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Comprehensive Energy Saving of Cold Regions Architecture of Ministry of Education, College of Electronic and Computer, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Jingyi Optoelectronic Technology Co., Ltd., Changchun 130103, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Comprehensive Energy Saving of Cold Regions Architecture of Ministry of Education, College of Electronic and Computer, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hansong","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Comprehensive Energy Saving of Cold Regions Architecture of Ministry of Education, College of Electronic and Computer, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaodan","family":"Chi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Comprehensive Energy Saving of Cold Regions Architecture of Ministry of Education, College of Electronic and Computer, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3832","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2022.3153455","article-title":"High performance InGaAs\/InP single-photon avalanche diode using DBR-Metal reflector and backside micro-lens","volume":"40","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Light. Technol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1080\/09500340.2020.1817591","article-title":"Ultra-low dead time free-running InGaAsP single-photon detector with active quenching","volume":"67","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mod. Opt."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83102","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0014123","article-title":"InGaAs\/InP single-photon detectors with 60% detection efficiency at 1550","volume":"91","author":"Fang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Instrumeuts"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91140F","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2050798","article-title":"SWIR Geiger mode APD detectors and cameras for 3D imaging","volume":"9114","author":"Itzler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. SPIE"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3800510","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTQE.2017.2736440","article-title":"Large-format Geiger mode avalanche photodiode arrays and readout circuits","volume":"24","author":"Aull","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"356","article-title":"Fabrication of InGaAs\/InP Geiger-mode avalanche focal plane arrays","volume":"36","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semicond. Optoelectron."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2692","DOI":"10.1007\/s11664-022-09531-9","article-title":"Design, fabrication, and characteristic analysis of 64 \u00d7 64 InGaAs\/InP single-photon avalanche diode array","volume":"51","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Electron. Mater."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"0210001","article-title":"Pulsed Three-dimensional imaging lidar system based on Geiger-mode APD array","volume":"50","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin. J. Lasers"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"801","article-title":"Development of Foreign Uncooled IRFPA Detectors","volume":"37","author":"Lei","year":"2007","journal-title":"Laser Infrared"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"88","article-title":"Miniaturized free-running InGaAs\/InP single-photon detector(invited)","volume":"52","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infrared Laser Eng."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"1140703","article-title":"Small pixel VGA SWIR cameras for laser sensing (Conference Presentation)","volume":"11407","author":"MacDougal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. SPIE"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"3801310","article-title":"Low-noise InGaAs\/InP single-photon avalanche diodes for fiber-based and free-space applications","volume":"28","author":"Signorelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704006","DOI":"10.3788\/IRLA201948.0704006","article-title":"Research of ROIC for geostationary interferometric infrared sounder","volume":"48","author":"Chu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infrared Laser Eng."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161806","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3132490","article-title":"Novel Multiple-Layer Stack Capacitor and Its Application in the IRPFA Readout Circuit","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo, Z., Wang, B., Liu, S., Xu, R., and Yu, N. (2023). High-Linearity and High-Speed ROIC of Ultra-Large Array Infrared Detectors Based on Adaptive Compensation and Enhancement. Sensors, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/s23125667"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, J., Xu, H., Zhang, G., Chen, Y., Wang, H., Tan, K.H., Wicaksono, S., Wang, C., Sun, C., and Kong, Q. (2021, January 13\u201319). First InGaAs\/InAIAs Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs) Heterogeneously Integrated with Si Photonics on SOI Platform for 1550 nm Detection. Proceedings of the 2021 Symposium on VLSI Circuits, Kyoto, Japan.","DOI":"10.23919\/VLSICircuits52068.2021.9492337"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"350","article-title":"Design of readout circuit based on 640 \u00d7 512-5\u03bcm InGaAs shortwave infrared focal plane","volume":"44","author":"Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Semicond. Optoelectron."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"92750T","article-title":"A 20MHz 15\u00b5m pitch 128 \u00d7 128 CTIA ROIC for InGaAs Focal Plane Array","volume":"Volume 9275","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infrared, Millimeter-Wave, and Terahertz Technologies III"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1109\/LPT.2016.2560804","article-title":"Design of High-Precision ROIC for Quantum Dot Infrared Photodetector","volume":"28","author":"Gupta","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infrared.2013.03.007","article-title":"A novel readout integrated circuit with a dual-mode design for single- and dual-band infrared focal plane array","volume":"60","author":"Sun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infrared Phys. Technol."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"328","article-title":"An Improved Design of ROIC for Ultralow Noise Infrared Detector","volume":"40","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semicond. Optoelectron."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"90","article-title":"Design of 640 \u00d7 512-25 \u03bcm Multi-Function Infrared Readout Circuit","volume":"26","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aero Weapon."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"104","article-title":"A design of readout circuit for infrared focal plane array","volume":"30","author":"Zheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Electron. Des. Eng."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"(2023, October 15). EMVA Standard 1288;  Standard for Characterization of Image Sensors and Cameras [EB]. European Machine Vision Association. Available online: https:\/\/www.emva.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/EMVA1288-3.1a.pdf."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/23\/21\/8715\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:11:45Z","timestamp":1760130705000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/23\/21\/8715"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}},"alternative-id":["s23218715"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s23218715","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]]}}}