{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T16:36:50Z","timestamp":1775666210251,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,28]],"date-time":"2023-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698451200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The evolution of network technologies has witnessed a paradigm shift toward open and intelligent networks, with the Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) architecture emerging as a promising solution. O-RAN introduces disaggregation and virtualization, enabling network operators to deploy multi-vendor and interoperable solutions. However, managing and automating the complex O-RAN ecosystem presents numerous challenges. To address this, machine learning (ML) techniques have gained considerable attention in recent years, offering promising avenues for network automation in O-RAN. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of the current research efforts on network automation usingML in O-RAN.We begin by providing an overview of the O-RAN architecture and its key components, highlighting the need for automation. Subsequently, we delve into O-RAN support forML techniques. The survey then explores challenges in network automation usingML within the O-RAN environment, followed by the existing research studies discussing application of ML algorithms and frameworks for network automation in O-RAN. The survey further discusses the research opportunities by identifying important aspects whereML techniques can benefit.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23218792","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T13:26:55Z","timestamp":1698672415000},"page":"8792","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Recent Advances in Machine Learning for Network Automation in the O-RAN"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2331-4021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mutasem Q.","family":"Hamdan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Samsung Electronics R&D Institute, Staines TW18 4QE, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5760-6623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haeyoung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics, Engineering and Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8150-4803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dionysia","family":"Triantafyllopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professorship of Communications Engineering, Chemnitz University of Technology, D-09111 Chemnitz, Germany"}]},{"given":"R\u00faben","family":"Borralho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5GIC & 6GIC, Institute of Communication System, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6877-1392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulkadir","family":"Kose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri 38080, Turkey"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3520-6350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esmaeil","family":"Amiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5GIC & 6GIC, Institute of Communication System, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Mulvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5GIC & 6GIC, Institute of Communication System, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK"}]},{"given":"Wenjuan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing and Communications, InfoLab21, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4WA, UK"}]},{"given":"Rafik","family":"Zitouni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5GIC & 6GIC, Institute of Communication System, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8025-9455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riccardo","family":"Pozza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5GIC & 6GIC, Institute of Communication System, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK"}]},{"given":"Bernie","family":"Hunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5GIC & 6GIC, Institute of Communication System, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4372-0281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamidreza","family":"Bagheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, Technology and Health, York St John University, York YO31 7EX, UK"}]},{"given":"Chuan Heng","family":"Foh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5GIC & 6GIC, Institute of Communication System, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3583-3435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabien","family":"Heliot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5GIC & 6GIC, Institute of Communication System, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2978-0365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaojie","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5GIC & 6GIC, Institute of Communication System, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK"}]},{"given":"Pei","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5GIC & 6GIC, Institute of Communication System, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5GIC & 6GIC, Institute of Communication System, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK"}]},{"given":"Rahim","family":"Tafazolli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5GIC & 6GIC, Institute of Communication System, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2023.3239220","article-title":"Understanding O-RAN: Architecture, Interfaces, Algorithms, Security, and Research Challenges","volume":"25","author":"Polese","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. 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