{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:36:38Z","timestamp":1760150198209,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The upcoming Salinity Satellite, scheduled for launch in 2024, will feature the world\u2019s first phased array radar scatterometer. To validate its capability in measuring ocean surface backscatter coefficients, this paper conducts an in-depth analysis of the onboard verification flight test for the Salinity Satellite scatterometer. This paper provides a detailed introduction to the system design of the Salinity Satellite scatterometer, which utilizes phased array radar technology and digital beamforming techniques to achieve accurate measurements of sea surface scattering characteristics. The paper elaborates on the derivation of backscatter coefficients, system calibration, and phase amplitude correction for the phased array scatterometer. Furthermore, it describes the process of the onboard calibration flight test. By analyzing internal noise signals, onboard calibration signals, and external noise signals, the stability and reliability of the scatterometer system are validated. The experiment covers both land and ocean observations, with a particular focus on complex sea surface conditions in nearshore areas. Through the precise analysis of backscatter coefficients, the paper successfully distinguishes the different backscatter coefficient characteristics between ocean and land. The research results effectively demonstrate the feasibility of the Salinity Satellite scatterometer for measuring backscatter coefficients in a phased array configuration, as well as its outstanding performance in complex marine environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23218846","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T12:53:32Z","timestamp":1698756812000},"page":"8846","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Analysis of Onboard Verification Flight Test for the Salinity Satellite Scatterometer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Yongqing","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Lab of Microwave Remote Sensing, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Te","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Lab of Microwave Remote Sensing, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Risheng","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Lab of Microwave Remote Sensing, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Lab of Microwave Remote Sensing, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenming","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 211544, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Lab of Microwave Remote Sensing, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0392-0844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Lab of Microwave Remote Sensing, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiangkun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Lab of Microwave Remote Sensing, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, X., and Liu, H. 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