{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T02:07:49Z","timestamp":1776132469459,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]],"date-time":"2023-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, a low-cost resin-coated commercial-photo-paper substrate is used to design a printed reconfigurable multiband antenna. The two PIN diodes are used mainly to redistribute the surface current that provides reconfigurable properties to the proposed antenna. The antenna size of 40 mm \u00d7 40 mm \u00d7 0.44 mm with a partial ground, covers wireless and mobile bands ranging from 1.91 GHz to 6.75 GHz. The parametric analysis is performed to achieve optimized design parameters of the antenna. The U-shaped and C-shaped emitters are meant to function at 2.4 GHz and 5.9 GHz, respectively, while the primary emitter is designed to operate at 3.5 GHz. The proposed antenna achieved peak gain and radiation efficiency of 3.4 dBi and 90%, respectively. Simulated and measured results of the reflection coefficient, radiation pattern, gain, and efficiency show that the antenna design is in favorable agreement. Since the proposed antenna achieved wideband (1.91\u20136.75 GHz) using PIN diode configuration, using this technique the need for numerous electronic components to provide multiband frequency is avoided.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23218996","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]],"date-time":"2023-11-06T01:37:09Z","timestamp":1699234629000},"page":"8996","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Low-Loss Paper-Substrate Triple-Band-Frequency Reconfigurable Microstrip Antenna for Sub-7 GHz Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7157-5520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ajit Kumar","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Institute of Information Technology, Ranchi 834010, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5267-044X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santosh Kumar","family":"Mahto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Institute of Information Technology, Ranchi 834010, India"}]},{"given":"Rashmi","family":"Sinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur 831014, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8263-1572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Alibakhshikenari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Signal Theory and Communications, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Legan\u00e9s, Madrid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5305-3937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed Jamal Abdullah","family":"Al-Gburi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Telecommunication Research & Innovation (CeTRI), Fakulti Teknologi dan Kejuruteraan Elektronik dan Komputer (FTKEK), Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM), Ayer Keroh 75450, Malaysia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7639-2472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashfaq","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0693-4114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lida","family":"Kouhalvandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Dogus University, Istanbul 34775, Turkey"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7203-0039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bal S.","family":"Virdee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Communications Technology, London Metropolitan University, London N7 8DB, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0369-7520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana","family":"Dalarsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institiute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1979","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2016.2547338","article-title":"Inkjet-printed flexible reconfigurable antenna for conformal WLAN\/WiMAX wireless devices","volume":"15","author":"Saeed","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas Wirel. 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