{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T22:00:01Z","timestamp":1777327201196,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,14]],"date-time":"2023-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699920000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: The study examined the reliability (test\u2013retest, intra- and inter-day) and validity of a portable 3D scanning method when quantifying human leg volume. (2) Methods: Fifteen males volunteered to participate (age, 24.6 \u00b1 2.0 years; stature, 178.9 \u00b1 4.5 cm; body mass, 77.4 \u00b1 6.5 kg; mean \u00b1 standard deviation). The volume of the lower and upper legs was examined using a water displacement method (the criterion) and two consecutive 3D scans. Measurements were taken at baseline, 1 h post-baseline (intra-day) and 24 h post-baseline (inter-day). Reliability and validity of the 3D scanning method was assessed using Bland\u2013Altman limits of agreement and Pearson\u2019s product moment correlations. (3) Results: With respect to the test\u2013retest reliability, the 3D scanning method had smaller systematic bias and narrower limits of agreement (\u00b11%, and 3\u20135%, respectively) compared to the water displacement method (1\u20132% and 4\u20137%, respectively), when measuring lower and upper leg volume in humans. The correlation coefficients for all reliability comparisons (test\u2013retest, intra-day, inter-day) would all be regarded as \u2018very strong\u2019 (all 0.94 or greater). (4) Conclusions: The study\u2019s results suggest that a 3D scanning method is a reliable and valid method to quantify leg volume.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23229177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,14]],"date-time":"2023-11-14T09:46:13Z","timestamp":1699955173000},"page":"9177","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Reliability and Validity of a Portable Three-Dimensional Scanning System to Measure Leg Volume"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5340-3095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jack","family":"Ashby","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Science, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5918-3444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qualisys AB, 411 05 Gothenburg, Sweden"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7484-1345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline","family":"Sunderland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Science, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2227-0680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura A.","family":"Barrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6508-7897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John G.","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Science, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2281.2000.00224.x","article-title":"Volumetric Measurements of Peripheral Oedema in Clinical Conditions","volume":"20","author":"Brijker","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. 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