{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T16:03:18Z","timestamp":1775145798149,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,22]],"date-time":"2023-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFF1202700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFF1202700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62231025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62231025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61971410"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61971410"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22HHZYSS00011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22HHZYSS00011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20DZ2254400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20DZ2254400"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2022YFF1202700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFF1202700"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["62231025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62231025"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["61971410"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61971410"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["22HHZYSS00011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22HHZYSS00011"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["20DZ2254400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20DZ2254400"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Project of Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine","award":["2022YFF1202700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFF1202700"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Project of Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine","award":["62231025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62231025"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Project of Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine","award":["61971410"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61971410"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Project of Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine","award":["22HHZYSS00011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22HHZYSS00011"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Project of Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine","award":["20DZ2254400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20DZ2254400"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Engineer &amp; Technology Research Center of Internet of Things for Respiratory Medicine","award":["2022YFF1202700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFF1202700"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Engineer &amp; Technology Research Center of Internet of Things for Respiratory Medicine","award":["62231025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62231025"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Engineer &amp; Technology Research Center of Internet of Things for Respiratory Medicine","award":["61971410"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61971410"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Engineer &amp; Technology Research Center of Internet of Things for Respiratory Medicine","award":["22HHZYSS00011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22HHZYSS00011"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Engineer &amp; Technology Research Center of Internet of Things for Respiratory Medicine","award":["20DZ2254400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20DZ2254400"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cell models are one of the most widely used basic models in biological research, and a variety of in vitro cell culture techniques and models have been developed recently to simulate the physiological microenvironment in vivo. However, regardless of the technique or model, cell culture is the most fundamental but crucial component. As a result, we have developed a cell culture monitoring system to assess the functional status of cells within a biochip. This article focuses on a mini-microscope made from a readily available camera for in situ continuous observation of cell growth within a biochip and a pH sensor based on optoelectronic sensing for measuring pH. With the aid of this monitoring system, scientists can keep an eye on cell growth in real time and learn how the pH of the culture medium affects it. This study offers a new approach for tracking cells on biochips and serves as a valuable resource for enhancing cell culture conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23239340","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,22]],"date-time":"2023-11-22T10:41:51Z","timestamp":1700649711000},"page":"9340","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Cell State Monitoring System with Integrated In Situ Imaging and pH Detection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Zening","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China"},{"name":"Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rongtao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fangliang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China"},{"name":"Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8581-5430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jian","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China"},{"name":"Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongju","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China"},{"name":"Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1038\/90754","article-title":"Microfluidics\u2014Downsizing large-scale biology","volume":"19","author":"Mitchell","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. 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